Chapter 12: Recent Innovations in Biotechnology — Online MCQ Test
BIOTECHNOLOGY · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)
Practice Chapter 12: Recent Innovations in Biotechnology with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test.
This chapter covers: Synthetic Biology Nanobiotechnology Bioinformatics Artificial Intelligence Genomics Precision Biotechnology Computational Biology Omics Biotechnology Innovation.
AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.
Chapter 12: Recent Innovations in Biotechnology — Important Questions & Answers
Which term refers to the design and construction of new biological parts, devices and systems using engineering principles?
- A. Synthetic biology
- B. Taxonomy
- C. Classical breeding
- D. Histology
Answer: A. Synthetic biology
Synthetic biology applies engineering concepts to design or redesign biological systems for useful functions.
Synthetic biology applies engineering concepts to design or redesign biological systems for useful functions.
Nanobiotechnology mainly deals with biological applications of materials and devices in which size range?
- A. 1-100 nanometres
- B. 1-100 millimetres
- C. 1-100 metres
- D. 1-100 kilometres
Answer: A. 1-100 nanometres
Nanobiotechnology involves materials at the nanoscale, generally 1-100 nm, where unique physical and chemical properties appear.
Nanobiotechnology involves materials at the nanoscale, generally 1-100 nm, where unique physical and chemical properties appear.
Bioinformatics is best described as the use of computers to:
- A. Store, analyse and interpret biological data
- B. Replace all laboratory experiments
- C. Produce only chemical fertilizers
- D. Study fossils without any data
Answer: A. Store, analyse and interpret biological data
Bioinformatics uses computational tools to manage and analyse biological data such as DNA, RNA and protein sequences.
Bioinformatics uses computational tools to manage and analyse biological data such as DNA, RNA and protein sequences.
The complete set of genes or genetic material present in an organism is called its:
- A. Genome
- B. Proteome
- C. Metabolome
- D. Transcript
Answer: A. Genome
A genome includes the entire genetic material of an organism, usually encoded in DNA.
A genome includes the entire genetic material of an organism, usually encoded in DNA.
A researcher wants to compare a newly discovered DNA sequence with known sequences in databases. Which bioinformatics tool is most appropriate?
- A. BLAST
- B. Autoclave
- C. Centrifuge
- D. pH meter
Answer: A. BLAST
BLAST is used to find sequence similarity between a query DNA or protein sequence and sequences in databases.
BLAST is used to find sequence similarity between a query DNA or protein sequence and sequences in databases.
Which statement best explains why nanoparticles can be useful in drug delivery?
- A. They can improve targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs
- B. They always destroy all cells equally
- C. They cannot enter biological systems
- D. They are useful only because they are visible to the naked eye
Answer: A. They can improve targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs
Nanoparticles can be engineered to carry drugs to specific tissues and release them in a controlled manner.
Nanoparticles can be engineered to carry drugs to specific tissues and release them in a controlled manner.
Two bacterial genomes are compared, and several genes are found to be conserved in both. What is the most reasonable inference?
- A. These genes may perform important functions or indicate evolutionary relatedness
- B. Both bacteria must be the same species in all respects
- C. The genes cannot code for proteins
- D. The bacteria cannot have any mutations
Answer: A. These genes may perform important functions or indicate evolutionary relatedness
Conserved genes often perform essential functions and can also indicate common ancestry or evolutionary relationships.
Conserved genes often perform essential functions and can also indicate common ancestry or evolutionary relationships.
A patient has a mutation affecting the metabolism of a particular drug. Which approach is most suitable for choosing therapy?
- A. Precision medicine guided by genomic information
- B. Giving the maximum dose to all patients
- C. Ignoring genetic variation
- D. Using only the patient's height to select a drug
Answer: A. Precision medicine guided by genomic information
Genomic variation can influence drug metabolism, so precision medicine can help select safer and more effective therapy.
Genomic variation can influence drug metabolism, so precision medicine can help select safer and more effective therapy.
A researcher obtains the following results: gene X mRNA level is high, but the corresponding protein level is low. Which explanation is most appropriate?
- A. Post-transcriptional or translational regulation may be affecting protein production
- B. mRNA and protein levels must always be identical
- C. The genome has disappeared from the cell
- D. Proteomics cannot detect proteins in any condition
Answer: A. Post-transcriptional or translational regulation may be affecting protein production
Transcript levels do not always match protein levels because translation efficiency and protein stability can be regulated.
Transcript levels do not always match protein levels because translation efficiency and protein stability can be regulated.
In a BLAST search, a query protein shows high similarity to a known enzyme from another organism, including conserved active-site residues. The best conclusion is that the query protein:
- A. May have a similar function, but experimental confirmation is needed
- B. Must be completely identical in sequence and function
- C. Cannot be evolutionarily related to the known enzyme
- D. Is definitely a carbohydrate and not a protein
Answer: A. May have a similar function, but experimental confirmation is needed
Sequence similarity and conserved active sites support functional prediction, but biological function should be confirmed experimentally.
Sequence similarity and conserved active sites support functional prediction, but biological function should be confirmed experimentally.