Chapter 5: Genome Technology and Engineering — Online MCQ Test
BIOTECHNOLOGY · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)
Practice Chapter 5: Genome Technology and Engineering with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test.
This chapter covers: Genome Sequencing Comparative Genomics CRISPR Cas9 Genome Editing DNA Sequencing Gene Editing Bioinformatics Genomics Precision Medicine Molecular Biology.
AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.
Chapter 5: Genome Technology and Engineering — Important Questions & Answers
What is a genome?
- A. The complete set of genetic material present in an organism
- B. Only the protein-coding genes of an organism
- C. Only the mitochondrial DNA of a cell
- D. A single functional gene present on a chromosome
Answer: A. The complete set of genetic material present in an organism
A genome includes the complete DNA content of an organism, including coding and non-coding regions.
A genome includes the complete DNA content of an organism, including coding and non-coding regions.
In Sanger DNA sequencing, chain termination occurs due to the incorporation of:
- A. Ribonucleotides
- B. Dideoxyribonucleotides
- C. Restriction enzymes
- D. DNA ligase
Answer: B. Dideoxyribonucleotides
Dideoxyribonucleotides lack a 3'-OH group, so no further nucleotide can be added after their incorporation.
Dideoxyribonucleotides lack a 3'-OH group, so no further nucleotide can be added after their incorporation.
Which tool is commonly used to compare a DNA or protein sequence with sequences in databases?
- A. PCR
- B. BLAST
- C. ELISA
- D. Centrifuge
Answer: B. BLAST
BLAST is a bioinformatics tool used for sequence similarity searches against biological databases.
BLAST is a bioinformatics tool used for sequence similarity searches against biological databases.
In CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, the molecule that guides Cas9 to the target DNA sequence is:
- A. DNA ligase
- B. Guide RNA
- C. RNA polymerase
- D. Restriction fragment
Answer: B. Guide RNA
Guide RNA is complementary to the target DNA sequence and directs Cas9 to the correct genomic location.
Guide RNA is complementary to the target DNA sequence and directs Cas9 to the correct genomic location.
In Sanger sequencing, DNA fragments are separated by electrophoresis. To read the sequence correctly from a gel, fragments are generally read from:
- A. Largest to smallest
- B. Smallest to largest
- C. Middle to top only
- D. Random bands only
Answer: B. Smallest to largest
Smaller DNA fragments migrate farther, so the sequence is read from the smallest fragment upward to determine the newly synthesized strand.
Smaller DNA fragments migrate farther, so the sequence is read from the smallest fragment upward to determine the newly synthesized strand.
A CRISPR-Cas9 cut in DNA is repaired by non-homologous end joining. What is the most likely result?
- A. Precise replacement using a donor template
- B. Small insertions or deletions at the target site
- C. Formation of RNA primers only
- D. Duplication of the entire genome
Answer: B. Small insertions or deletions at the target site
Non-homologous end joining is error-prone and often creates small indels that can disrupt gene function.
Non-homologous end joining is error-prone and often creates small indels that can disrupt gene function.
For sequencing hundreds of microbial genomes rapidly and at lower cost per base, which approach is generally more suitable?
- A. Next-generation sequencing
- B. Manual Sanger sequencing only
- C. Microscopy of chromosomes only
- D. Protein crystallography
Answer: A. Next-generation sequencing
Next-generation sequencing allows massively parallel sequencing, making it suitable for large-scale genome projects.
Next-generation sequencing allows massively parallel sequencing, making it suitable for large-scale genome projects.
A scientist wants to correct a disease-causing mutation precisely using CRISPR-Cas9. Which additional component is most useful for homology-directed repair?
- A. A donor DNA template carrying the desired sequence
- B. A random RNA molecule
- C. A protease enzyme
- D. A staining dye
Answer: A. A donor DNA template carrying the desired sequence
Homology-directed repair can use a donor DNA template to introduce a precise sequence change at the cut site.
Homology-directed repair can use a donor DNA template to introduce a precise sequence change at the cut site.
For the commonly used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 system, a target site is suitable only if it is located next to which PAM sequence?
- A. 5'-NGG-3'
- B. 5'-AUG-3'
- C. 5'-TATA-3'
- D. 5'-GAATTC-3'
Answer: A. 5'-NGG-3'
SpCas9 recognizes a PAM sequence of 5'-NGG-3' adjacent to the target DNA, where N can be any nucleotide.
SpCas9 recognizes a PAM sequence of 5'-NGG-3' adjacent to the target DNA, where N can be any nucleotide.
In a diploid organism, Sanger sequencing of a PCR product shows two clear peaks of different bases at one position, while the rest of the sequence has single peaks. The best interpretation is:
- A. The organism is heterozygous for a single nucleotide variant at that position
- B. The entire PCR product failed
- C. The DNA contains no mutation anywhere
- D. Both chromosomes have been completely deleted
Answer: A. The organism is heterozygous for a single nucleotide variant at that position
Overlapping peaks at a single position can indicate two different alleles in a heterozygous individual.
Overlapping peaks at a single position can indicate two different alleles in a heterozygous individual.