Chapter-10 Employment & Sustainable Economic Development — Online MCQ Test
ECONOMICS · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)
Practice Chapter-10 Employment & Sustainable Economic Development with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test.
This chapter covers: employment - formal sector - informal sector - unemployment - sustainable development - environmental conservation.
AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.
Chapter-10 Employment & Sustainable Economic Development — Important Questions & Answers
What is the primary characteristic of the formal sector in the Indian economy?
- A. Employment with written contracts and social security benefits
- B. Self-employment with no government regulation
- C. Employment that operates without any legal framework
- D. Work that is entirely unregistered and undocumented
Answer: A. Employment with written contracts and social security benefits
The formal sector is characterized by registered enterprises with written contracts, job security, and access to social security benefits.
The formal sector is characterized by registered enterprises with written contracts, job security, and access to social security benefits.
Which of the following is an example of the informal sector?
- A. A government school teacher
- B. A street vendor selling vegetables
- C. An employee of a registered manufacturing company
- D. A bank manager in a nationalized bank
Answer: B. A street vendor selling vegetables
Street vendors operate in the informal sector as they are self-employed, unregistered, and lack formal contracts and social security.
Street vendors operate in the informal sector as they are self-employed, unregistered, and lack formal contracts and social security.
What is unemployment?
- A. When a person chooses not to work
- B. When a person is able and willing to work but cannot find employment
- C. When a person retires from active employment
- D. When a person works part-time instead of full-time
Answer: B. When a person is able and willing to work but cannot find employment
Unemployment is the state of being without a job while actively seeking employment and being able to work.
Unemployment is the state of being without a job while actively seeking employment and being able to work.
Which type of unemployment occurs due to lack of demand for goods and services?
- A. Frictional unemployment
- B. Structural unemployment
- C. Cyclical unemployment
- D. Seasonal unemployment
Answer: C. Cyclical unemployment
Cyclical unemployment arises due to fluctuations in economic activity and insufficient aggregate demand for labour.
Cyclical unemployment arises due to fluctuations in economic activity and insufficient aggregate demand for labour.
What does 'sustainable development' primarily aim to achieve?
- A. Maximizing economic growth at any cost
- B. Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs
- C. Eliminating all industrial development
- D. Focusing only on environmental protection
Answer: B. Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs
Sustainable development balances economic, social, and environmental needs to ensure long-term viability for future generations.
Sustainable development balances economic, social, and environmental needs to ensure long-term viability for future generations.
Which sector provides employment to the largest percentage of India's workforce?
- A. Primary sector
- B. Secondary sector
- C. Tertiary sector
- D. Manufacturing sector
Answer: A. Primary sector
Agriculture and related activities in the primary sector employ the largest proportion of India's workforce, though this is decreasing.
Agriculture and related activities in the primary sector employ the largest proportion of India's workforce, though this is decreasing.
What is the relationship between environmental conservation and sustainable development?
- A. Environmental conservation is irrelevant to sustainable development
- B. Environmental conservation is a key component of sustainable development
- C. Environmental conservation opposes economic development
- D. Environmental conservation only benefits wealthy nations
Answer: B. Environmental conservation is a key component of sustainable development
Environmental conservation ensures that natural resources are preserved for future generations, which is essential for sustainable development.
Environmental conservation ensures that natural resources are preserved for future generations, which is essential for sustainable development.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the informal sector?
- A. Lack of job security
- B. Written employment contracts
- C. Low wages
- D. Absence of social security benefits
Answer: B. Written employment contracts
The informal sector is characterized by the absence of written contracts; formal employment is defined by the presence of written contracts.
The informal sector is characterized by the absence of written contracts; formal employment is defined by the presence of written contracts.
How does environmental degradation affect sustainable economic development?
- A. It has no relationship with economic development
- B. It reduces natural resource availability, limiting future economic growth and employment opportunities
- C. It only affects developed nations
- D. It improves economic efficiency
Answer: B. It reduces natural resource availability, limiting future economic growth and employment opportunities
Environmental degradation depletes natural resources, reduces agricultural productivity, and limits the economic base for future employment and development.
Environmental degradation depletes natural resources, reduces agricultural productivity, and limits the economic base for future employment and development.
What is the significance of the Labour Force Participation Rate in understanding employment?
- A. It indicates the percentage of unemployed persons
- B. It shows the proportion of the working-age population actively engaged in or seeking employment
- C. It measures only formal sector employment
- D. It calculates the total population of a country
Answer: B. It shows the proportion of the working-age population actively engaged in or seeking employment
The Labour Force Participation Rate reveals how many working-age people are actively participating in the labour market, crucial for understanding employment dynamics.
The Labour Force Participation Rate reveals how many working-age people are actively participating in the labour market, crucial for understanding employment dynamics.