Chapter-6 Environment and Natural Resources — Online MCQ Test
POLITICAL SCIENCE · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)
Practice Chapter-6 Environment and Natural Resources with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test.
This chapter covers: environment - global commons - natural resources - indigenous rights - environmental agreements.
AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.
Chapter-6 Environment and Natural Resources — Important Questions & Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a natural resource?
- A. Forest
- B. Mineral deposits
- C. Artificial fertilizers
- D. Water bodies
Answer: C. Artificial fertilizers
Artificial fertilizers are man-made products, while forests, minerals, and water are naturally occurring resources.
Artificial fertilizers are man-made products, while forests, minerals, and water are naturally occurring resources.
What does the term 'global commons' refer to?
- A. Resources shared by all nations globally
- B. Common markets in developed countries
- C. Public spaces within cities
- D. Joint military alliances
Answer: A. Resources shared by all nations globally
Global commons are shared environmental resources like the atmosphere, oceans, and Antarctica that belong to all nations.
Global commons are shared environmental resources like the atmosphere, oceans, and Antarctica that belong to all nations.
Which international agreement addresses the depletion of the ozone layer?
- A. Kyoto Protocol
- B. Montreal Protocol
- C. Paris Agreement
- D. Rio Declaration
Answer: B. Montreal Protocol
The Montreal Protocol (1987) specifically addresses the protection of the ozone layer and phasing out of CFCs.
The Montreal Protocol (1987) specifically addresses the protection of the ozone layer and phasing out of CFCs.
Indigenous rights in the context of natural resources primarily concern:
- A. Urban development rights
- B. Access to and control over traditional lands and resources
- C. Industrial manufacturing privileges
- D. Import-export licenses
Answer: B. Access to and control over traditional lands and resources
Indigenous rights relate to the rights of tribal and native peoples to their ancestral lands and the natural resources found there.
Indigenous rights relate to the rights of tribal and native peoples to their ancestral lands and the natural resources found there.
The concept of 'Sustainable Development' was first formally introduced in which report?
- A. Brundtland Report
- B. Stockholm Report
- C. Beijing Report
- D. Ottawa Report
Answer: A. Brundtland Report
The Brundtland Report (1987) defined sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs.
The Brundtland Report (1987) defined sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs.
Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable natural resource?
- A. Forests
- B. Coal
- C. Fisheries
- D. Agricultural land
Answer: B. Coal
Coal is a fossil fuel that cannot be regenerated within human timescales, making it non-renewable.
Coal is a fossil fuel that cannot be regenerated within human timescales, making it non-renewable.
What is the primary concern regarding deforestation in the context of global commons?
- A. It only affects local communities economically
- B. It contributes to climate change and loss of biodiversity affecting the entire planet
- C. It increases agricultural productivity
- D. It has no impact on global weather patterns
Answer: B. It contributes to climate change and loss of biodiversity affecting the entire planet
Deforestation releases stored carbon, reduces oxygen production, and causes global climate impacts, making it a global commons concern.
Deforestation releases stored carbon, reduces oxygen production, and causes global climate impacts, making it a global commons concern.
Which principle from the Rio Declaration emphasizes the responsibility of developed nations in environmental protection?
- A. Principle 1 - Human beings are at the centre of concerns
- B. Principle 7 - Common but differentiated responsibilities
- C. Principle 15 - Precautionary principle
- D. Principle 22 - Indigenous peoples' participation
Answer: B. Principle 7 - Common but differentiated responsibilities
Principle 7 acknowledges that while environmental responsibility is shared, developed nations have greater responsibility due to historical emissions.
Principle 7 acknowledges that while environmental responsibility is shared, developed nations have greater responsibility due to historical emissions.
Analyze the relationship between globalization and environmental degradation:
- A. Globalization has no effect on the environment
- B. Increased global trade and production have intensified resource extraction and pollution, creating shared environmental challenges
- C. Globalization only benefits wealthy nations environmentally
- D. Environmental problems are purely local issues unrelated to global economic systems
Answer: B. Increased global trade and production have intensified resource extraction and pollution, creating shared environmental challenges
Globalization has increased resource extraction, production, and transportation, contributing to global environmental problems like climate change and deforestation.
Globalization has increased resource extraction, production, and transportation, contributing to global environmental problems like climate change and deforestation.
Compare the approaches of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement in addressing climate change:
- A. Both use identical binding targets for all nations
- B. Kyoto focused on binding targets for developed nations; Paris uses nationally determined contributions from all nations
- C. Paris only applies to developed nations while Kyoto applies to all
- D. Both agreements have failed to achieve any environmental objectives
Answer: B. Kyoto focused on binding targets for developed nations; Paris uses nationally determined contributions from all nations
The Kyoto Protocol imposed binding emission reduction targets mainly on developed nations, while Paris Agreement (2015) allows each nation to set its own targets.
The Kyoto Protocol imposed binding emission reduction targets mainly on developed nations, while Paris Agreement (2015) allows each nation to set its own targets.