Chapter Exam

Chapter-11 Thermodynamics — Online MCQ Test

Q: Internal energy of an ideal gas depends on which of the following?

Answer: B. Temperature only — For an ideal gas, internal energy is a function of temperature alone and is independent of pressure and volume.

Q: A gas undergoes a process where its volume decreases while pressure increases proportionally. Which process is this?

Answer: A. Isothermal process — In an isothermal process, PV = constant; if volume decreases, pressure increases proportionally to maintain constant temperature.

Q: A gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure. Compared to a reversible isothermal expansion, the work done by the gas is:

Answer: B. Less in irreversible process — Irreversible processes (against constant external pressure) do less work than reversible processes for the same initial and final states.

Q: A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures 400 K and 300 K. If it absorbs 1000 J from hot reservoir, what is the maximum work output?

Answer: B. 250 J — Carnot efficiency η = 1 - T_c/T_h = 1 - 300/400 = 1/4 = 0.25. Work = η × Q_h = 0.25 × 1000 = 250 J.

PHYSICS · Grade 11 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter-11 Thermodynamics with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 11 PHYSICS. This chapter covers: Thermal equilibrium - Zeroth law of thermodynamics - Internal energy - First law of thermodynamics - Isothermal process - Adiabatic process - Isobaric process - Isochoric process -.... AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

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Chapter-11 Thermodynamics — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 11 PHYSICS — Chapter-11 Thermodynamics, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics state?

A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
B. If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other ✓
C. The entropy of an isolated system always increases
D. Heat always flows from hot to cold bodies

Answer: B. If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other
The Zeroth Law defines thermal equilibrium and provides the basis for temperature measurement by establishing transitivity of thermal equilibrium.

Internal energy of an ideal gas depends on which of the following?

A. Pressure and volume only
B. Temperature only ✓
C. Volume and temperature only
D. Pressure only

Answer: B. Temperature only
For an ideal gas, internal energy is a function of temperature alone and is independent of pressure and volume.

A gas undergoes a process where its volume decreases while pressure increases proportionally. Which process is this?

A. Isothermal process ✓
B. Isobaric process
C. Isochoric process
D. Adiabatic process

Answer: A. Isothermal process
In an isothermal process, PV = constant; if volume decreases, pressure increases proportionally to maintain constant temperature.

A gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure. Compared to a reversible isothermal expansion, the work done by the gas is:

A. More in irreversible process
B. Less in irreversible process ✓
C. The same in both processes
D. Cannot be compared without knowing the volume change

Answer: B. Less in irreversible process
Irreversible processes (against constant external pressure) do less work than reversible processes for the same initial and final states.

A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures 400 K and 300 K. If it absorbs 1000 J from hot reservoir, what is the maximum work output?