Chapter Exam

Chapter-12 Water Resources — Online MCQ Test

Q: What percentage of Earth's water is available as freshwater?

Answer: A. About 2.5-2.75% — Only 2.5-2.75% of Earth's total water is freshwater, with most of it locked in glaciers and ice caps.

Q: Which of the following is a surface water resource?

Answer: B. River — Rivers are surface water resources that flow over land, while aquifers and groundwater are subsurface resources.

Q: Which state in India is a leader in implementing watershed management programs?

Answer: B. Maharashtra — Maharashtra has been a pioneer in watershed management, particularly through programs in semi-arid regions.

GEOGRAPHY · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter-12 Water Resources with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 GEOGRAPHY. This chapter covers: surface water - groundwater - irrigation - water pollution - rainwater harvesting - watershed management. AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

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Chapter-12 Water Resources — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 GEOGRAPHY — Chapter-12 Water Resources, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

What percentage of Earth's water is available as freshwater?

A. About 2.5-2.75% ✓
B. About 10%
C. About 50%
D. About 75%

Answer: A. About 2.5-2.75%
Only 2.5-2.75% of Earth's total water is freshwater, with most of it locked in glaciers and ice caps.

Which of the following is a surface water resource?

A. Aquifer
B. River ✓
C. Confined groundwater
D. Spring water

Answer: B. River
Rivers are surface water resources that flow over land, while aquifers and groundwater are subsurface resources.

Which state in India is a leader in implementing watershed management programs?

A. Kerala
B. Maharashtra ✓
C. Punjab
D. Assam

Answer: B. Maharashtra
Maharashtra has been a pioneer in watershed management, particularly through programs in semi-arid regions.

Analyze: Why is groundwater over-extraction a serious problem in states like Punjab and Haryana?

A. Because there are no surface water bodies
B. Because extraction exceeds natural recharge rate, causing water table depletion and long-term water scarcity ✓
C. Because groundwater is being polluted by sea water
D. Because irrigation is not needed in these states

Answer: B. Because extraction exceeds natural recharge rate, causing water table depletion and long-term water scarcity
Intensive agricultural practices and irrigation have led to groundwater extraction far exceeding natural recharge, causing critical water table decline.

Which tricky statement about the Three Gorges Dam correctly identifies both its advantage and significant environmental concern?

A. It generates electricity without any environmental impact whatsoever
B. It controls floods and generates clean energy but causes ecosystem disruption and methane emissions from reservoirs ✓
C. It is purely destructive with no benefits to the region
D. It only benefits downstream communities while harming upstream areas equally

Answer: B. It controls floods and generates clean energy but causes ecosystem disruption and methane emissions from reservoirs
Large dams provide multiple benefits but create complex trade-offs: flood control and hydropower versus ecosystem disruption, methane emissions, and population displacement.