Chapter Exam

Chapter-1 Judiciary — Online MCQ Test

Q: Which court is at the apex of the Indian judicial system?

Answer: B. Supreme Court — The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the judicial hierarchy and is the court of last resort for all legal matters in India.

Q: What is the primary function of the judiciary in a democratic system?

Answer: C. To interpret and enforce laws — The judiciary's primary function is to interpret the Constitution and laws, and to settle disputes by administering justice according to law.

Q: Under which Article of the Indian Constitution is judicial review provided?

Answer: D. Both B and C are correct — Article 32 grants the Supreme Court power of judicial review, while Article 226 grants High Courts similar powers. Both articles are fundamental to judicial review in India.

LEGAL STUDIES · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter-1 Judiciary with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES. This chapter covers: judiciary - court hierarchy - judicial independence - judges - tribunals - judicial review. AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

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Chapter-1 Judiciary — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES — Chapter-1 Judiciary, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

Which court is at the apex of the Indian judicial system?

A. High Court
B. Supreme Court ✓
C. District Court
D. National Green Tribunal

Answer: B. Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the judicial hierarchy and is the court of last resort for all legal matters in India.

What is the primary function of the judiciary in a democratic system?

A. To make laws
B. To implement laws
C. To interpret and enforce laws ✓
D. To execute government policies

Answer: C. To interpret and enforce laws
The judiciary's primary function is to interpret the Constitution and laws, and to settle disputes by administering justice according to law.

Under which Article of the Indian Constitution is judicial review provided?

A. Article 14
B. Article 32
C. Article 226
D. Both B and C are correct ✓

Answer: D. Both B and C are correct
Article 32 grants the Supreme Court power of judicial review, while Article 226 grants High Courts similar powers. Both articles are fundamental to judicial review in India.

Which of the following is a constitutional safeguard for judicial independence in India?

A. Judges can be appointed by the Prime Minister without any process
B. Judges have fixed tenure and can only be removed through impeachment ✓
C. Judges' salaries are determined by the executive branch
D. Judges can be transferred at the whim of the Chief Justice

Answer: B. Judges have fixed tenure and can only be removed through impeachment
Constitutional safeguards include security of tenure (judges cannot be removed except through impeachment for misbehaviour), fixed salaries charged to the Consolidated Fund, and protection from liability.

Consider: A judge publishes a newspaper article criticizing the government's economic policies. What constitutional principle is at stake?

A. This is always permissible as judges have free speech rights
B. This violates judicial independence as it may compromise the judge's impartiality in government-related cases ✓
C. The judge should definitely do this to maintain transparency
D. This is only problematic if the criticism is negative

Answer: B. This violates judicial independence as it may compromise the judge's impartiality in government-related cases
While judges have rights as citizens, they must maintain impartiality and the appearance of impartiality. Publicly criticizing the government on policy matters can compromise their credibility and independence, affecting their ability to adjudicate fairly.