CBSE(NCERT) GRADE 12 ENGLISH 2023 SET1

Seagulls, as you know, never falter, never stall. To stall in the air is for them a disgrace and a dishonour. But Jonathan Livingston Seagull, unashamed, stretching his wings again in that trembling hard curve slowing, slowing, and stalling once more was no ordinary bird. Most seagulls care not how to get from shore to food and back again. For most gulls, it is not flying that matters, but eating. For this gull, though, it was not eating that mattered, but flight. More than anything else, Jonathan Livingston Seagull loved to fly. This kind of thinking, he found, is not the way to make oneself popular with other birds. Even his parents were dismayed as Jonathan spent the whole day alone, making hundreds of low-level gliders, so hard to be like the rest of the flock, Jon ? know what I can do in the air ll be swimming deep. If you must study, then study food, and how to get it. This flying Jonathan nodded obediently. For the next few days he tried to behave like the other gulls; he really tried, screeching and fighting with the flock around the piers and fishing boats, diving on scraps of fish and was off by himself again, far out at sea, hungry, happy, learning. The subject was speed, and in a w speed than the fastest gull alive. Time after time it happened. Careful as he was, working at the very peak of his ability, he lost control at a high speed. The key, he thought at last, dripping wet, must be to hold the wings still at high speeds to flap up to fifty and then hold the wings still. From two thousand feet he tried again, rolling into his dive, beak straight down, wings full out and stable from the moment he passed fifty miles per hour. It took tremendous strength, but it worked. In ten seconds he had blurred ninety miles per hour. Jonathan had set a world speed record for seagulls ! But victory was short-lived. The instant he began his pullout, the instant he changed the angle of his wings, he snapped into the same uncontrollable disaster, and at ninety miles per hour it hit him like dynamite. Jonathan Seagull exploded in midair and smashed down into a brick-hard sea. As he sank low in the water, he thought, I am a seagull. I am limited by my nature. If I were meant to short wings ! tiny little wing, all I need is to fold most of my wings and just fly on the tips along. Short wings !

If I were meant to short wings ! tiny little wing, all I need is to fold most of my wings and just fly on the tips along. Short wings !

I looked again at her, wan, pale as a l that old familiar ache, my childh but all I said was, see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile and smile ...

If I were meant to short wings ! tiny little wing, all I need is to fold most of my wings and just fly on the tips along. Short wings !

1 Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) are products that sell quickly at relatively low cost. FMCG is the fourth-largest sector in the Indian economy. There are three main segments in the sector food and beverages, which accounts for 19% of the sector; healthcare, which accounts for 31% of the share; and household and personal care, which accounts for the remaining 50% share. The urban segment contributes to about 55% of the revenue share, while the rural segment accounts for 45%. Rise in rural consumption will drive the FMCG market. The Indian processed food market is projected to expand to US$ 470 billion by 2025, up from US$ 263 billion in 2019 20. 2 The Indian FMCG industry grew by 16% in 2021, a 9-year high, despite nationwide lockdowns, supported by consumption-led growth and value expansion from higher product prices, particularly for staples. Real household spending is projected to increase 9·1% after 2021, after a decrease of 9·3% in 2020 due to the economic impact of the pandemic. Price increase across product categories will offset the impact of rising raw material prices, along with volume growth and resurgence of demand for discretionary items. 3 The FMCG sector has received good investments and support from the Government in the recent past. The sector witnessed healthy FDI inflows from April 2000 March 2022. Furthermore, as per the Union Budget 2022 23, a substantial amount has been allocated to the Department of Consumer Affairs, an increased amount has been allocated to the Department of Food and Public Distribution. In 2021 22, the Government approved Production-Linked Incentive Scheme for Food Processing Industry (PLISFPI) with an outlay ofa larger amount to help Indian brands of food products in the international markets. 4 The G Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme gives companies a major opportunity to boost exports. The future outlook of the FMCG rural sector looks on track now. Rural consumption has increased, led by a combination of increasing income and higher aspiration levels. There is an increased demand for branded products in rural India. The growth of organised sector in FMCG is expected to rise with an increased level of brand consciousness, augmented by the growth in modern retail. Household and Personal care Food and Beverages Healthcare Table I. FMCG Products 1. Processed foods : Cheese products, cereals 2. Prepared meals : Ready-to-eat meals 3. Beverages : Bottled water, aerated drinks, and juices 4. Baked goods : Biscuits, bread 5. Fresh foods, frozen foods, and dry goods : Fruits, vegetables, milk, butter, frozen food, and nuts 6. Medicines : Aspirin, pain relievers, and over-the-counter medication that can be purchased without a prescription 7. Cleaning products : Baking soda, washing powder 8. Cosmetics and toiletries : Beauty products, soaps, toothpastes 9. Office supplies : Pens, pencils

for branded products in rural India. The growth of organised sector in FMCG is expected to rise with an increased level of brand consciousness, augmented by the growth in modern retail. Household and Personal care Food and Beverages Healthcare 1/1/1 H 6 H Table I. FMCG Products 1. Processed foods : Cheese products, cereals 2. Prepared meals : Ready-to-eat meals 3. Beverages : Bottled water, aerated drinks, and juices 4. Baked goods : Biscuits, bread 5. Fresh foods, frozen foods, and dry goods : Fruits, vegetables, milk, butter, frozen food, and nuts 6. Medicines : Aspirin, pain relievers, and over-the-counter medication that can be purchased without a prescription 7. Cleaning products : Baking soda, washing powder 8. Cosmetics and toiletries : Beauty products, soaps, toothpastes 9. Office supplies : Pens, pencils Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below : 101=10

I looked again at her, wan, pale as a l that old familiar ache, my childh but all I said was, see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile and smile ...

Now we will count to twelve and we will all keep still. For once on the face of the Earth speak in any language, and not move our arms so much. It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines, we would all be together

We are never given any honour or dignity or respect; we are stripped of all that. But if we study and make progress, we can throw away these indignities. So study with care, learn all you can. If you are always ahead in your lessons, people will come to you of their own accord and attach

You think .... a boy. You look at me ... and then you see my face and you think. That ugliest thing I ever saw. Poor boy. Underneath, you are afraid. Anybody would be. I am. When I look in

The make-up department was first headed by a Bengali who became too big for a studio and left. He was succeeded by a Maharashtrian who was assisted by a Dharwar Kannadiga, an Andhra, a Madras Indian Christian, an Anglo-Burmese and the usual local Tamils. All this shows that there was a great deal of national integration long before A.I.R. and Doordarshan began broadcasting programmes on national integration. This gang of nationally integrated make-up men could turn any decent-looking person into a hideous crimson hued monster with the help of truck-loads of pancake and a number of other locally made potions and lotions.

Similarly, we have a lot of empty spaces in our lives. I call them interstices. Say you are coming over to my place. You are in the elevator and while you are coming up, I am waiting for you. This is an interstice, an empty space. I work in empty spaces. While waiting for your elevator to come up from the first to the third floor, I have already written an article!