CBSE 12th Geography Question Paper 2025 (Set 4)

Industries using cheap, bulky, and weight-losing raw materials are located near the source of raw materials because transporting such materials over long distances increases cost. Placing the industry close to the raw material source reduces transport expenses and lowers the overall cost of production. Hence, both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

Statements I, II and IV are correct. Gathering is generally practised in harsh climatic regions, such as deserts and high mountains, where agriculture is difficult. In modern times, some gathering has become market-oriented. It is mostly practised by primitive societies. Statement III is incorrect because Denmark is associated with commercial dairy farming, not gathering.

Industrial ports are the ports specialised in handling bulk cargo. Such ports are developed mainly to serve industrial regions and deal with large quantities of raw materials and manufactured goods.

The correct order is **III, II, I, IV**. This means state III has the highest production, followed by II, then I, and IV has the lowest production. Hence, **option (a)** is correct. The other options give an incorrect sequence of production levels.

The correct order of states according to bauxite production is III, II, I, IV, i.e. Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh. Chhattisgarh is one of the leading producers, followed by Gujarat, Odisha, and then Madhya Pradesh among the given options.