Chapter Exam

Chapter 11: Bioremediation — Online MCQ Test

Q: Bioremediation is best defined as the use of ________ to remove or detoxify environmental pollutants.

Answer: A. living organisms or their enzymes — Bioremediation uses microorganisms, plants, or their enzymes to degrade, transform, or immobilize pollutants.

Q: Which group of organisms is most commonly involved in biodegradation of organic pollutants?

Answer: A. Microorganisms — Bacteria and fungi are the major biological agents that degrade organic pollutants due to their diverse metabolic abilities.

Q: Which bacterium is commonly associated with degradation of hydrocarbons in oil spills?

Answer: A. Pseudomonas — Pseudomonas species are well known for their ability to degrade hydrocarbons present in petroleum and oil spills.

Q: Which of the following pollutants cannot be biologically degraded into simpler harmless molecules like organic wastes?

Answer: A. Heavy metals — Heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium cannot be degraded; they can only be transformed, immobilized, or accumulated.

Q: In an oil-contaminated soil, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are added to promote growth of native oil-degrading microbes. This approach is called:

Answer: A. Biostimulation — Biostimulation improves the activity of existing microbes by adding nutrients, oxygen, or other growth-promoting factors.

Q: Addition of selected pollutant-degrading microbial strains to a contaminated site is known as:

Answer: A. Bioaugmentation — Bioaugmentation involves introducing specific microorganisms to enhance degradation of a pollutant.

Q: A metal-contaminated soil is planted with hyperaccumulator plants, which are later harvested and safely disposed. This is an example of:

Answer: A. Phytoextraction — Phytoextraction involves uptake of metals into harvestable plant parts, reducing pollutant load in soil.

BIOTECHNOLOGY · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter 11: Bioremediation with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 BIOTECHNOLOGY. This chapter covers: Bioremediation Microorganisms Biodegradation Oil Spill Plastic Degradation Heavy Metals Waste Treatment Environmental Biotechnology Phytoremediation Pollution Control. AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

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Chapter 11: Bioremediation — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 BIOTECHNOLOGY — Chapter 11: Bioremediation, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

Bioremediation is best defined as the use of ________ to remove or detoxify environmental pollutants.

A. living organisms or their enzymes ✓
B. only chemical disinfectants
C. only high temperature incineration
D. only physical filtration

Answer: A. living organisms or their enzymes
Bioremediation uses microorganisms, plants, or their enzymes to degrade, transform, or immobilize pollutants.

Which group of organisms is most commonly involved in biodegradation of organic pollutants?

A. Microorganisms ✓
B. Birds
C. Mammals
D. Reptiles

Answer: A. Microorganisms
Bacteria and fungi are the major biological agents that degrade organic pollutants due to their diverse metabolic abilities.

Which bacterium is commonly associated with degradation of hydrocarbons in oil spills?

A. Pseudomonas ✓
B. Rhizobium
C. Lactobacillus
D. Nitrosomonas

Answer: A. Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas species are well known for their ability to degrade hydrocarbons present in petroleum and oil spills.

Which of the following pollutants cannot be biologically degraded into simpler harmless molecules like organic wastes?

A. Heavy metals ✓
B. Vegetable peels
C. Sewage organic matter
D. Paper waste

Answer: A. Heavy metals
Heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium cannot be degraded; they can only be transformed, immobilized, or accumulated.

In an oil-contaminated soil, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are added to promote growth of native oil-degrading microbes. This approach is called:

A. Biostimulation ✓
B. Bioaugmentation
C. Sterilization
D. Incineration

Answer: A. Biostimulation
Biostimulation improves the activity of existing microbes by adding nutrients, oxygen, or other growth-promoting factors.

Addition of selected pollutant-degrading microbial strains to a contaminated site is known as:

A. Bioaugmentation ✓
B. Biomagnification
C. Phytovolatilization
D. Autoclaving

Answer: A. Bioaugmentation
Bioaugmentation involves introducing specific microorganisms to enhance degradation of a pollutant.

A metal-contaminated soil is planted with hyperaccumulator plants, which are later harvested and safely disposed. This is an example of:

A. Phytoextraction ✓
B. Phytostabilization
C. Pasteurization
D. Photolysis

Answer: A. Phytoextraction
Phytoextraction involves uptake of metals into harvestable plant parts, reducing pollutant load in soil.

Which statement correctly compares organic pollutant bioremediation with heavy metal bioremediation?

A. Organic pollutants may be mineralized, while heavy metals are transformed, immobilized, or accumulated ✓
B. Heavy metals are converted into carbon dioxide and water by bacteria
C. Organic pollutants cannot be degraded by microbes
D. Both are always completely removed only by burning

Answer: A. Organic pollutants may be mineralized, while heavy metals are transformed, immobilized, or accumulated
Microbes can degrade many organic compounds, but elements such as metals cannot be destroyed; their mobility or toxicity can be reduced.

A contaminated soil is excavated and treated in a controlled bioreactor after adding specialized degrading bacteria and nutrients. Which combination correctly describes the process?

A. Ex situ bioremediation with bioaugmentation and biostimulation ✓
B. In situ bioremediation with only natural attenuation
C. Phytoremediation with no microbial role
D. Physical filtration without biological treatment

Answer: A. Ex situ bioremediation with bioaugmentation and biostimulation
Excavation makes it ex situ, addition of degrading bacteria is bioaugmentation, and addition of nutrients is biostimulation.

A genetically engineered Pseudomonas strain carrying plasmid-borne hydrocarbon-degrading genes is proposed for oil spill cleanup. Which concern must be addressed before field release?

A. Ecological safety, survival, and possible gene transfer ✓
B. Whether Pseudomonas has chloroplasts
C. Whether oil can act as human blood
D. Whether bacteria can become flowering plants

Answer: A. Ecological safety, survival, and possible gene transfer
Use of genetically engineered microbes requires evaluation of environmental safety, containment, persistence, and horizontal gene transfer risks.

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