Chapter Exam

Chapter 4: Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology — Online MCQ Test

Q: A genetically modified organism (GMO) is best defined as an organism whose genetic material has been:

Answer: A. Altered using recombinant DNA technology — A GMO contains DNA that has been deliberately altered using genetic engineering or recombinant DNA techniques.

Q: The first recombinant DNA-derived human protein approved for therapeutic use was:

Answer: A. Human insulin — Recombinant human insulin was among the earliest and most important recombinant proteins used in medicine.

Q: Bt toxin used in insect-resistant crops is obtained from:

Answer: B. Bacillus thuringiensis — The cry genes of Bacillus thuringiensis encode insecticidal proteins used in Bt crops.

BIOTECHNOLOGY · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter 4: Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 BIOTECHNOLOGY. This chapter covers: Genetically Modified Organisms GMO Gene Therapy Recombinant Proteins Human Insulin Vaccines Industrial Enzymes Agricultural Biotechnology Medical Biotechnology Industrial Biotechno.... AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

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Chapter 4: Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 BIOTECHNOLOGY — Chapter 4: Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is best defined as an organism whose genetic material has been:

A. Altered using recombinant DNA technology ✓
B. Changed only by natural selection
C. Modified only by conventional breeding
D. Destroyed using restriction enzymes

Answer: A. Altered using recombinant DNA technology
A GMO contains DNA that has been deliberately altered using genetic engineering or recombinant DNA techniques.

The first recombinant DNA-derived human protein approved for therapeutic use was:

A. Human insulin ✓
B. Human growth hormone
C. Interferon-alpha
D. Erythropoietin

Answer: A. Human insulin
Recombinant human insulin was among the earliest and most important recombinant proteins used in medicine.

Bt toxin used in insect-resistant crops is obtained from:

A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
B. Bacillus thuringiensis ✓
C. Escherichia coli
D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer: B. Bacillus thuringiensis
The cry genes of Bacillus thuringiensis encode insecticidal proteins used in Bt crops.

Gene therapy mainly involves:

A. Replacing all chromosomes of an organism
B. Introducing a functional gene to correct a genetic defect ✓
C. Killing disease-causing bacteria using antibiotics
D. Producing hybrid seeds by cross-pollination

Answer: B. Introducing a functional gene to correct a genetic defect
Gene therapy aims to treat genetic disorders by introducing a normal functional gene into target cells.

A farmer grows Bt cotton and observes reduced damage by bollworms. The protection is mainly due to:

A. Production of an insecticidal protein in plant tissues ✓
B. Increased production of cellulose in cotton fibres
C. Presence of antibiotic resistance genes in pollen
D. Faster photosynthesis in cotton leaves

Answer: A. Production of an insecticidal protein in plant tissues
Bt cotton expresses Cry proteins that are toxic to specific insect larvae such as bollworms.

Which of the following is NOT a common advantage of producing therapeutic proteins using recombinant DNA technology?

A. Large-scale production is possible
B. Product purity can be improved
C. Risk of contamination from animal sources can be reduced
D. All proteins produced will automatically be orally active ✓

Answer: D. All proteins produced will automatically be orally active
Many therapeutic proteins are digested in the gut and are not orally active even if produced recombinantly.

The insecticidal Bt protein is usually harmless to humans but toxic to specific insects because:

A. It is activated under alkaline conditions in the insect gut and binds to specific gut receptors ✓
B. It blocks photosynthesis in insect cells
C. It destroys insect DNA in the soil before feeding
D. It acts as a universal poison for all animal cells

Answer: A. It is activated under alkaline conditions in the insect gut and binds to specific gut receptors
Cry protoxins become active in the alkaline gut of susceptible insects and bind to specific receptors, causing cell lysis.

A researcher wants long-term correction of a genetic disorder in a patient. Which approach has the best theoretical chance of giving permanent correction?

A. Introducing the normal gene into stem cells that can repopulate the affected tissue ✓
B. Injecting the purified enzyme once into the blood
C. Giving antibiotics to remove defective genes
D. Transferring only mRNA into mature red blood cells

Answer: A. Introducing the normal gene into stem cells that can repopulate the affected tissue
Gene transfer into suitable stem cells can provide a renewable source of corrected cells, making long-term correction more likely.

In recombinant insulin production, why was it useful to produce A and B chains separately rather than extracting insulin from animal pancreas?

A. It allowed production of human insulin chains that could be joined to form active insulin without animal-source contaminants ✓
B. It prevented the need for disulfide bond formation in insulin
C. It made insulin a DNA molecule instead of a protein
D. It produced insulin that acts only in bacteria and not in humans

Answer: A. It allowed production of human insulin chains that could be joined to form active insulin without animal-source contaminants
Separate recombinant production of A and B chains enabled formation of human insulin with reduced dependence on animal pancreas extracts.

A child with ADA-SCID receives genetically corrected lymphocytes, but treatment must be repeated. The most likely reason is that:

A. Corrected lymphocytes are not permanent stem cells and have a limited lifespan ✓
B. The ADA gene cannot be expressed in human cells
C. All viral vectors immediately destroy corrected lymphocytes
D. ADA deficiency is caused by absence of insulin

Answer: A. Corrected lymphocytes are not permanent stem cells and have a limited lifespan
Ex vivo correction of mature lymphocytes may not be permanent because these cells do not persist indefinitely like stem cells.

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