Chapter Exam

Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare — Online MCQ Test

Q: Match the following columns: (a) Clostridium butylicum, (b) Trichoderma polysporum, (c) Monascus purpureus, (d) Aspergillus niger. Matches: (i) Cyclosporin-A, (ii) Butyric Acid, (iii) Citric Acid, (iv) Blood cholesterol lowering agent.

Answer: A. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii) — Clostridium butylicum produces butyric acid (ii). Trichoderma polysporum produces cyclosporin-A (i). Monascus purpureus produces statins (cholesterol lowering agent) (iv). Aspergillus niger produces citric acid (iii).

Q: Secondary metabolites such as nicotine, strychnine and caffeine are produced by plants for their:

Answer: B. Defence action — Secondary metabolites like alkaloids (nicotine, caffeine, etc.) are primarily produced by plants for defense against herbivores and pathogens.

Q: Which of the following is an example of non—distilled alcoholic beverage produced by yeast?

Answer: C. Beer — Wine and beer are produced without distillation, while whisky, brandy, and rum are produced by distillation of fermented broths.

Q: Streptokinase produced by bacterium Streptococcus is used for

Answer: D. Removing clots from blood vessels — Streptokinase is a clot-buster enzyme used to dissolve blood clots in patients who have suffered myocardial infarction.

Q: Streptokinase produced by bacterium Streptococcus is used for

Answer: D. Removing clots from blood vessels — Streptokinase is produced by Streptococcus and acts as a clot buster for patients who have undergone myocardial infarction.

Q: In which disease does mosquito transmitted pathogen cause chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels?

Answer: A. Elephantiasis — Elephantiasis (filariasis) is caused by the filarial worm Wuchereria bancrofti, transmitted by the Culex mosquito. The parasite causes chronic inflammation and blockage of lymphatic vessels, leading to swelling of the lower limbs and genitals.

Q: Conversion of milk to curd improves its nutritional value by increasing the amount of

Answer: C. Vitamin B₁₂ — Lactobacillus bacteria ferment milk to produce curd. During this process, the bacteria synthesize Vitamin B₁₂, thereby increasing the nutritional value of curd compared to raw milk. Vitamin B₁₂ is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function.

Q: Which one of the following population interactions is widely used in medical science for the production of antibiotics?

Answer: B. Amensalism — Amensalism is an interaction where one organism is harmed while the other is unaffected. Antibiotics are chemicals produced by microorganisms (e.g., Penicillium producing penicillin) that harm/inhibit bacteria without benefiting from them — this is a classic example of amensalism exploited in medical science.

Q: Match the following columns and select the correct option. Column-I: (a) Clostridium butylicum, (b) Trichoderma polysporum, (c) Monascus purpureus, (d) Aspergillus niger Column-II: (i) Cyclosporin-A, (ii) Butyric Acid, (iii) Citric Acid, (iv) Blood cholesterol lowering agent

Answer: D. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii) — Clostridium butylicum produces Butyric acid (ii). Trichoderma polysporum produces Cyclosporin-A, an immunosuppressant (i). Monascus purpureus produces a blood cholesterol-lowering agent (statins) (iv). Aspergillus niger produces Citric acid (iii). So: (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii).

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Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from NEET NEET (All) BIOLOGY — Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

Match the following columns: (a) Clostridium butylicum, (b) Trichoderma polysporum, (c) Monascus purpureus, (d) Aspergillus niger. Matches: (i) Cyclosporin-A, (ii) Butyric Acid, (iii) Citric Acid, (iv) Blood cholesterol lowering agent.

A. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii) ✓
B. (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
C. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D. (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

Answer: A. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
Clostridium butylicum produces butyric acid (ii). Trichoderma polysporum produces cyclosporin-A (i). Monascus purpureus produces statins (cholesterol lowering agent) (iv). Aspergillus niger produces citric acid (iii).

Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity.

A. When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called “Passive immunity”.
B. Active immunity is quick and gives full response. ✓
C. Foetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity.
D. When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host’s body. It is called “Active immunity”.

Answer: B. Active immunity is quick and gives full response.
Active immunity is slow and takes time to manifest its full effective response, unlike passive immunity which is quick.

Secondary metabolites such as nicotine, strychnine and caffeine are produced by plants for their:

A. Growth response
B. Defence action ✓
C. Effect on reproduction
D. Nutritive value

Answer: B. Defence action
Secondary metabolites like alkaloids (nicotine, caffeine, etc.) are primarily produced by plants for defense against herbivores and pathogens.

Which of the following is an example of non—distilled alcoholic beverage produced by yeast?

A. Whisky
B. Brandy
C. Beer ✓
D. Rum

Answer: C. Beer
Wine and beer are produced without distillation, while whisky, brandy, and rum are produced by distillation of fermented broths.

Streptokinase produced by bacterium Streptococcus is used for

A. Curd production
B. Ethanol production
C. Liver disease treatment
D. Removing clots from blood vessels ✓

Answer: D. Removing clots from blood vessels
Streptokinase is a clot-buster enzyme used to dissolve blood clots in patients who have suffered myocardial infarction.

Streptokinase produced by bacterium Streptococcus is used for

A. Curd production
B. Ethanol production
C. Liver disease treatment
D. Removing clots from blood vessels ✓

Answer: D. Removing clots from blood vessels
Streptokinase is produced by Streptococcus and acts as a clot buster for patients who have undergone myocardial infarction.

In which disease does mosquito transmitted pathogen cause chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels?

A. Elephantiasis ✓
B. Amoebiasis
C. Ringworm disease
D. Ascariasis

Answer: A. Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis (filariasis) is caused by the filarial worm Wuchereria bancrofti, transmitted by the Culex mosquito. The parasite causes chronic inflammation and blockage of lymphatic vessels, leading to swelling of the lower limbs and genitals.

Conversion of milk to curd improves its nutritional value by increasing the amount of

A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin B₁₂ ✓
D. Vitamin A

Answer: C. Vitamin B₁₂
Lactobacillus bacteria ferment milk to produce curd. During this process, the bacteria synthesize Vitamin B₁₂, thereby increasing the nutritional value of curd compared to raw milk. Vitamin B₁₂ is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function.

Which one of the following population interactions is widely used in medical science for the production of antibiotics?

A. Commensalism
B. Amensalism ✓
C. Parasitism
D. Mutualism

Answer: B. Amensalism
Amensalism is an interaction where one organism is harmed while the other is unaffected. Antibiotics are chemicals produced by microorganisms (e.g., Penicillium producing penicillin) that harm/inhibit bacteria without benefiting from them — this is a classic example of amensalism exploited in medical science.

Match the following columns and select the correct option. Column-I: (a) Clostridium butylicum, (b) Trichoderma polysporum, (c) Monascus purpureus, (d) Aspergillus niger Column-II: (i) Cyclosporin-A, (ii) Butyric Acid, (iii) Citric Acid, (iv) Blood cholesterol lowering agent

A. (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
B. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
C. (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii) ✓

Answer: D. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
Clostridium butylicum produces Butyric acid (ii). Trichoderma polysporum produces Cyclosporin-A, an immunosuppressant (i). Monascus purpureus produces a blood cholesterol-lowering agent (statins) (iv). Aspergillus niger produces Citric acid (iii). So: (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii).

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