Chapter Exam

Unit 5: Human Physiology — Online MCQ Test

Q: Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option. Column-I (Disease) Column-II (Organism) (a) Typhoid (i) Wuchereria (b) Pneumonia (ii) Plasmodium (c) Filariasis (iii) Salmonella (d) Malaria (iv) Haemophilus

Answer: A. (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii) — Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi, Pneumonia by Haemophilus influenzae, Filariasis by Wuchereria bancrofti, and Malaria by Plasmodium species.

Q: Select the correct statement.

Answer: D. Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. — Glucocorticoids (like cortisol) promote gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis. Glucagon increases blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Insulin is hypoglycemic and acts primarily on hepatocytes and adipocytes.

Q: Cuboidal epithelium with brush border of microvilli is found in:

Answer: B. proximal convoluted tubule of nephron — The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the nephron is lined by cuboidal epithelium with microvilli to increase surface area for reabsorption.

Q: Which of the following hormone levels will cause release of ovum (ovulation) from the Graafian follicle?

Answer: D. High concentration of Estrogen — The LH surge, which triggers ovulation, is caused by a feedback mechanism resulting from a high peak in estrogen levels prior to ovulation.

Q: Select the option including all sexually transmitted diseases.

Answer: D. Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes — Gonorrhoea, syphilis, and genital herpes are all classic examples of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Malaria, filaria, and cancer are not primarily sexually transmitted.

Q: Match the following columns and select the correct option. Column - I (Cells) | Column - II (Function) (a) Eosinophils | (i) Immune response (b) Basophils | (ii) Phagocytosis (c) Neutrophils | (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes (d) Lymphocytes | (iv) Release granules containing histamine

Answer: D. (4) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) — Eosinophils (a) release histaminase to control allergic reactions (iii). Basophils (b) release histamine and heparin (iv). Neutrophils (c) are the primary phagocytic cells (ii). Lymphocytes (d) are responsible for the immune response (i).

Q: Which of the following is a basic amino acid?

Answer: C. Lysine — Lysine is a basic amino acid due to the presence of an extra amino group in its side chain.

Q: Which of the following hormones can play a significant role in osteoporosis?

Answer: A. Estrogen and Parathyroid hormone — Osteoporosis is associated with decreased estrogen levels (especially post-menopause), which leads to reduced bone density. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by promoting bone resorption, contributing to bone loss. Together, low estrogen and elevated PTH activity are key hormonal factors in osteoporosis.

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Unit 5: Human Physiology — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from NEET NEET (All) BIOLOGY — Unit 5: Human Physiology, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen.

A. Partial pressure of CO2 can interfere with O2 binding with haemoglobin.
B. Higher H+ conc. in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin. ✓
C. Low pCO2 in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.
D. Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly related to partial pressure of O2.

Answer: B. Higher H+ conc. in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.
High H+ concentration (lower pH) in systemic tissues facilitates the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin (Bohr effect), not its formation. Alveoli have low H+ (higher pH), which favours oxygenation.

Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option. Column-I (Disease) Column-II (Organism) (a) Typhoid (i) Wuchereria (b) Pneumonia (ii) Plasmodium (c) Filariasis (iii) Salmonella (d) Malaria (iv) Haemophilus

A. (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii) ✓
B. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
C. (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
D. (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)

Answer: A. (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi, Pneumonia by Haemophilus influenzae, Filariasis by Wuchereria bancrofti, and Malaria by Plasmodium species.

Select the correct statement.

A. Glucagon is associated with hypoglycemia.
B. Insulin acts on pancreatic cells and adipocytes.
C. Insulin is associated with hyperglycemia.
D. Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. ✓

Answer: D. Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis.
Glucocorticoids (like cortisol) promote gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis. Glucagon increases blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Insulin is hypoglycemic and acts primarily on hepatocytes and adipocytes.

Cuboidal epithelium with brush border of microvilli is found in:

A. ducts of salivary glands
B. proximal convoluted tubule of nephron ✓
C. eustachian tube
D. lining of intestine

Answer: B. proximal convoluted tubule of nephron
The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the nephron is lined by cuboidal epithelium with microvilli to increase surface area for reabsorption.

Which of the following hormone levels will cause release of ovum (ovulation) from the Graafian follicle?

A. High concentration of Progesterone
B. Low concentration of LH
C. Low concentration of FSH
D. High concentration of Estrogen ✓

Answer: D. High concentration of Estrogen
The LH surge, which triggers ovulation, is caused by a feedback mechanism resulting from a high peak in estrogen levels prior to ovulation.

Select the option including all sexually transmitted diseases.

A. Gonorrhoea, Malaria, Genital herpes
B. AIDS, Malaria, Filaria
C. Cancer, AIDS, Syphilis
D. Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes ✓

Answer: D. Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes
Gonorrhoea, syphilis, and genital herpes are all classic examples of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Malaria, filaria, and cancer are not primarily sexually transmitted.

Match the following columns and select the correct option. Column - I (Cells) | Column - II (Function) (a) Eosinophils | (i) Immune response (b) Basophils | (ii) Phagocytosis (c) Neutrophils | (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes (d) Lymphocytes | (iv) Release granules containing histamine

A. (1) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
B. (2) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
C. (3) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
D. (4) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) ✓

Answer: D. (4) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
Eosinophils (a) release histaminase to control allergic reactions (iii). Basophils (b) release histamine and heparin (iv). Neutrophils (c) are the primary phagocytic cells (ii). Lymphocytes (d) are responsible for the immune response (i).

Which of the following is a basic amino acid?

A. Alanine
B. Tyrosine
C. Lysine ✓
D. Serine

Answer: C. Lysine
Lysine is a basic amino acid due to the presence of an extra amino group in its side chain.

Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function? (1) Hypothalamus: production of releasing hormones and regulation of temperature, hunger and thirst. (2) Limbic system: consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of brain; controls movement. (3) Medulla oblongata: controls respiration and cardiovascular reflexes. (4) Corpus callosum: band of fibers connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A. Hypothalamus : production of releasing hormones and regulation of temperature, hunger and thirst.
B. Limbic system : consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of brain; controls movement. ✓
C. Medulla oblongata : controls respiration and cardiovascular reflexes.
D. Corpus callosum : band of fibers connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Answer: B. Limbic system : consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of brain; controls movement.
The limbic system is associated with emotions, motivation, memory, and olfaction — not with controlling movement or simply interconnecting brain regions. The description given (fibre tracts interconnecting regions, controls movement) is more characteristic of the corpus callosum and cerebellum, respectively. Hence option (2) is incorrectly paired.

Which of the following hormones can play a significant role in osteoporosis?

A. Estrogen and Parathyroid hormone ✓
B. Progesterone and Aldosterone
C. Aldosterone and Prolactin
D. Parathyroid hormone and Prolactin

Answer: A. Estrogen and Parathyroid hormone
Osteoporosis is associated with decreased estrogen levels (especially post-menopause), which leads to reduced bone density. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by promoting bone resorption, contributing to bone loss. Together, low estrogen and elevated PTH activity are key hormonal factors in osteoporosis.

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