Chapter Exam

Chapter 10: Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing — Online MCQ Test

Q: The process of separating and purifying a product after fermentation is called:

Answer: B. Downstream processing — Downstream processing includes recovery, separation, purification and formulation of the desired product after the bioprocess.

Q: Which of the following is commonly used for sterilization of nutrient medium before fermentation?

Answer: A. Autoclaving — Autoclaving uses moist heat under pressure to sterilize culture media and equipment.

Q: In a stirred-tank bioreactor, the main function of an impeller is to:

Answer: B. Provide mixing and agitation — Impellers mix the contents of the bioreactor and help distribute nutrients, oxygen and cells uniformly.

Q: Why are baffles fitted inside a stirred-tank bioreactor?

Answer: A. To prevent vortex formation and improve mixing — Baffles disrupt circular flow, reduce vortexing and improve mixing efficiency in stirred-tank reactors.

Q: A product is present inside microbial cells after fermentation. Compared with an extracellular product, which additional step is usually required?

Answer: A. Cell disruption before product extraction — Intracellular products require harvesting of cells followed by cell disruption to release the product for purification.

BIOTECHNOLOGY · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter 10: Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 BIOTECHNOLOGY. This chapter covers: Bioreactor Fermenter Bioprocessing Biomanufacturing Downstream Processing Fermentation pH Temperature Scale Up Product Purification Industrial Biotechnology. AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

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Chapter 10: Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 BIOTECHNOLOGY — Chapter 10: Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

In industrial biotechnology, a bioreactor is mainly used to provide a controlled environment for:

A. Growth of cells or enzymes to produce a desired product ✓
B. Storage of purified proteins at room temperature
C. Packaging of finished pharmaceutical products
D. Microscopic observation of stained cells

Answer: A. Growth of cells or enzymes to produce a desired product
A bioreactor provides controlled conditions such as temperature, pH, aeration and agitation for biological production processes.

The process of separating and purifying a product after fermentation is called:

A. Upstream processing
B. Downstream processing ✓
C. Inoculum development
D. Media sterilization

Answer: B. Downstream processing
Downstream processing includes recovery, separation, purification and formulation of the desired product after the bioprocess.

Which of the following is commonly used for sterilization of nutrient medium before fermentation?

A. Autoclaving ✓
B. Centrifugation
C. Chromatography
D. Lyophilization

Answer: A. Autoclaving
Autoclaving uses moist heat under pressure to sterilize culture media and equipment.

In a stirred-tank bioreactor, the main function of an impeller is to:

A. Measure pH
B. Provide mixing and agitation ✓
C. Filter the final product
D. Sterilize the air supply

Answer: B. Provide mixing and agitation
Impellers mix the contents of the bioreactor and help distribute nutrients, oxygen and cells uniformly.

Which statement best describes upstream processing in biomanufacturing?

A. It includes product crystallization and packaging only
B. It includes strain selection, media preparation, sterilization and fermentation ✓
C. It refers only to disposal of solid waste from the plant
D. It begins only after the product is purified

Answer: B. It includes strain selection, media preparation, sterilization and fermentation
Upstream processing involves all steps needed to grow the production organism and produce the product before recovery begins.

Why are baffles fitted inside a stirred-tank bioreactor?

A. To prevent vortex formation and improve mixing ✓
B. To act as pH sensors
C. To remove cells by filtration
D. To cool the culture by evaporation only

Answer: A. To prevent vortex formation and improve mixing
Baffles disrupt circular flow, reduce vortexing and improve mixing efficiency in stirred-tank reactors.

During scale-up from laboratory flask to industrial fermenter, which factor is most likely to become difficult to maintain uniformly?

A. Oxygen transfer and mixing throughout the larger volume ✓
B. The chemical formula of water
C. The genetic code of the organism
D. The colour of the fermenter vessel

Answer: A. Oxygen transfer and mixing throughout the larger volume
As volume increases, mixing, heat removal and oxygen transfer become more challenging, affecting culture performance.

A product is present inside microbial cells after fermentation. Compared with an extracellular product, which additional step is usually required?

A. Cell disruption before product extraction ✓
B. Skipping downstream processing completely
C. Direct packaging of whole broth
D. Only increasing aeration after harvesting

Answer: A. Cell disruption before product extraction
Intracellular products require harvesting of cells followed by cell disruption to release the product for purification.

While scaling up an aerobic microbial process, the lab yield is not reproduced at pilot scale even though the same medium and strain are used. Which explanation is most scientifically valid?

A. Large reactors may have gradients of oxygen, nutrients, pH and temperature that are absent or smaller in flasks ✓
B. The organism cannot grow in any vessel larger than a flask
C. Scale-up changes the genetic code of all microbes automatically
D. Downstream processing prevents fermentation from occurring

Answer: A. Large reactors may have gradients of oxygen, nutrients, pH and temperature that are absent or smaller in flasks
Scale-up changes physical conditions such as mixing, mass transfer and heat transfer, which can alter growth and product formation.

A recombinant protein is secreted into the medium but is heat-sensitive and must retain biological activity. Which downstream approach is most appropriate?

A. Low-temperature clarification followed by suitable chromatographic purification ✓
B. Boiling the broth for several hours before purification
C. Incinerating the biomass and collecting ash
D. Adding unsterile soil to improve separation

Answer: A. Low-temperature clarification followed by suitable chromatographic purification
Heat-sensitive proteins require mild downstream conditions; clarification and chromatography at controlled temperature help preserve activity.

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