CBSE(NCERT) GRADE 12 BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024 COMPARTMENT SET1

Cosmid vectors can be used to clone DNA fragments up to _________ in size.

Calculate the mass to charge ratio of a protein ion with molecular weight at 10,000 Daltons carrying charge of $5^+$.

Read the autoradiogram from $5'–3'$ direction.

Deduce the sequence of the original strand which was subjected to sequencing.

State the principle of Sanger’s dideoxy method of DNA sequencing.

Why is an autoradiogram read from bottom to top ?

A researcher wants to raise a triploid plant of apple. How can he do so? What advantage can be offered by a triploid plant?

Write about any two methods that are used to improve the desirable characteristics of microbial strains.

How can microarray be used to study cellular response to the environment ? Explain.

Compare the advantages provided by M13 and lambda bacteriophages as vectors in cloning experiments.

Many kinds of analysis can be made using bioinformatics tools. Suggest any two possible ways for going about analysing a given sequence using them.

Distinguish between chymotrypsin and chymotrypsinogen.

What kind of compounds are present in mosquito repellants like malathion or parathion? How do they work?

Explain the process of curation.

Explain blue-white selection method to screen recombinants.

Briefly outline the strategy to develop plants with the following traits: (Any three) (a) Fungal resistant (b) Herbicide tolerant (c) Delayed fruit ripening (d) Drought tolerant

Explain the principle behind the technique of 2-D Gel Electrophoresis. Why is it considered a high resolution method ?

Draw a typical bacterial growth curve showing all the phases.

Differentiate between primary and secondary metabolites of microbial culture.

Define the following terms giving an example each : (I) Microbial Leaching (II) Microbial Biotransformation (III) Single Cell Proteins

Carefully study the following table that lists genome size, gene predictions and coding area between several organisms and answer the questions that follow: Organism Genome Size Predicted Genes Coding Area Bacteria 500,000 bp 5000 450,000 bp Yeast 12,000,000 bp 6000 8,400,000 bp Drosophila 175,000,000 bp 13,000 35,000,000 bp Arabidopsis 157,000,000 bp 25,000 31,400,000 bp Humans $3\times10^9$ bp 25,000 90,000,000 bp (a) Which organism has 90% part of the genome that encodes for proteins? (b) Which organism has predicted genes less than 5% of its genome? (c) (i) Give two reasons as to why in silico gene prediction can never be 100% accurate. OR (ii) Mention any two reasons for non-linear relationship between number of genes and number of proteins encoded by an organism.

Examine the following gel pattern obtained after sequencing of a DNA fragment using Sanger’s dideoxy chain termination method and answer the questions that follow:

(For Visually Impaired Candidates only) Explain Sanger’s method of DNA sequencing. Why is Sanger’s method known as chain termination method ?

(a) (i) Compare the technique of FISH with karyotyping for determining the severity of CML disease.

(a) Outline schematically the steps involved in Protein Fingerprinting.

(a) (i) Explain briefly any two ways to measure microbial growth in culture.