CBSE(NCERT) GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY 2022 SET2

The social benefits derived from Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) include tremendous increase in literacy rate, rapid rise in the percentage of women, improvement in gender ratio and decrease in child marriage in the area. In this area, female literacy rate increased from 1.88% in 1971 to 65% in 2011. The difference between male and female literacy rates, that is, gender inequality also reduced. The traditional economy was based on life sustaining agriculture and animal husbandry in which emphasis was given to the production of food grains and animals. But by the end of the 20th century, in the desert area, crops and other cash crops are important. But still in this area agriculture is done with traditional techniques. The importance of animal husbandry in the economy of this area can be gauged from the fact that every tenth family uses camel during Ghat season. But tribal population is still very hard working to reduce the livelihood.

The social benefits derived from Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) include tremendous increase in literacy rate, improvement in sex ratio and decline in child marriage. The female literacy rate in the region increased from 1·88 per cent in 1971 to 65 per cent in 2011. The difference between males and females in literacy level i.e., gender inequality, has also declined. Traditionally, the Gaddis had subsistence agricultural-cum-pastoral economy having emphasis on foodgrains and livestock production. But during the last three decades of twentieth century, the cultivation of pulses and other cash crops has increased in Bharmaur region. But the crop cultivation is still done with traditional technology. The declining importance of pastoralism in the economy of the region can be gauged from the fact that at present only about one-tenth of the total households practise transhumance. But the Gaddis are still very mobile as a sizeable section of them migrate to Kangra and surrounding areas during winter to earn their living from wage labour.