CBSE(NCERT) GRADE 12 LEGAL STUDIES 2024 COMPARTMENT SET1

Match List I and List II:

Assertion (A): Public Interest Litigations (PILs) are based on the tenets of citizen standing and representative standing. Reason (R): PILs have strengthened the role of judiciary as a monitor.

Saba inherited a valuable painting from her late grandmother. She decided to sell the painting to her friend Lata, who is an art collector. They both agreed on a price and Saba handed over the painting to Lata. However, a dispute arose, when another individual Mahesh claimed that he is the rightful owner of the painting. Which of the following conditions must be satisfied for the transfer of property to Lata to be considered valid ?

What is common among UK, USA, Australia and India ?

Alex graduated with Science from the University of London. He developed an interest in law and wants to become a solicitor. Identify the requirement he needs to fulfil the same.

Athelix Co. has been successfully selling its unique line of sports apparel under the brand name ‘Athlo Gear’ for several years. The company wants to ensure that its brand is protected from unauthorized use and imitation. Which of the following is the best option for the company to safeguard its brand name?

Rupa and Ravi entered into a contract for the sale of illegal substances. Both were fully aware of the illegality of the contract. Which of the following correctly describes the status of the contract?

Assertion (A) : There is an urgent need to increase the retirement age of judges in India. Reason (R) : It will be a buffer against impending litigation explosion. Choose the correct option.

Match the following and choose the correct option : List I List II (a) Lis Pendens (b) Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (c) Doctrine of Election (d) Sale of Goods Act, 1930

One Person Company (OPC) has the feature of perpetual succession even with one member because

Assertion (A) : The freedoms under Article 19 of the Constitution of India are not absolute, but conditional. Reason (R) : The State can “authoritatively and reasonably” limit or take away the freedoms under Article 19. Choose the correct option.

How many members are nominated to the State Bar Council by the Bar Council of India ?

Rahul and Ravi, college students and friends, start a music club together. Ravi promises to pay Rahul 20% of the club’s profits for his guitar skills. The club becomes successful, but Ravi stops paying Rahul. Rahul sues Ravi, claiming a valid contract based on Durga Prasad vs. Baldeo. Analyse if there is a valid consideration and its significance on forming a legally enforceable contract.

Anand, a student of international commercial law is reviving a case involving a construction dispute between a contractor and sub-contractor. The contract between the parties includes an arbitration clause stating that any disputes arising from the contract shall be resolved through arbitration. However, the contract does not specify any particular arbitral institution/set of rules to govern the process. Identify the type of arbitration opted for in this instance. How is arbitration a better mode for dispute resolution in commercial disputes ?

(a) What are the prospects of a law graduate in formulation and advising on public policy ? OR (b) St

State the representative functions of the Bar Council of India.

Why is Private International Law referred to as ‘Conflict of Laws’ ?

Who is an ‘Amicus curiae’ ? Why is he/she appointed ?

State any two model laws in the sphere of Private International Law that have been framed to harmonize private laws of different countries.

In a bustling city, a real estate developer acquires a vast tract of land that has been home to several low-income families for generations. The developer plans to build luxurious high-rise apartments and a shopping complex on this land, displacing the existing families without providing adequate compensation or resettlement options. The families, many of whom have been living there for decades, face eviction and loss of their livelihoods. Identify the fundamental right in the Indian Constitution that is violated in this instance. What is the role of the State in the given situation ?

In a workplace conflict scenario, two employees are engaged in a heated dispute over a misunderstanding that has escalated between them. The management decides to implement transformative mediation to address the issues and restore a positive work environment. Identify the key features of transformative mediation that will be employed in the conflict resolution process.

In a family dispute, two siblings have a prolonged argument over the division of their late parents’ assets. The situation has become emotionally charged and they struggle to settle the matter. Explain how conciliation and mediation may be applied to this situation. Discuss the distinct roles of the neutral third party facilitators in both processes.

In a hostel for school children, the canteen staff failed to properly check the ingredients of a meal. They were aware of some of the severe food allergies of some hostellers. As a result a student consumes a food item containing the allergen and suffers a severe allergic reaction. Assess whether such a scenario could be considered an ‘omission’ and whether it constitutes ‘actus reus’.

(a) A group of students working on a school project decide to use an image they found on the Internet to enhance their presentation. The image is a beautiful artwork they believe will enhance the visual appeal of their project. However, they are unsure about using it due to copyright concerns. Explain the moral rights of the owner of the copyright in this situation.

Riya, a low-income individual is facing a legal battle and applies for legal aid. After providing all necessary documents and proof of her financial status Riya’s application for legal aid is denied. In this context, state why legal aid may be denied or withdrawn.

How do the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) contribute to addressing global challenges and fostering a more sustainable and equitable future for both, people and the planet ?

Outline the main objective and impact of the Rio Summit.

Assess the role and the mandate of the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) and how it works to ensure the welfare and protection of children in India.

What are the main features and regulatory requirements associated with operating a Public Limited Company ?

What are the different categories of Bar Associations present in the US and how do they vary in terms of their scope, membership and specific areas of focus in supporting legal professionals ?

How does a Public Limited Company differ from a Private Company ?

In a global crisis, two neighbouring countries Alpha and Omega are engaged in a tense territorial dispute over a resource-rich region. Amid rising tensions and military buildups, the international community represented by the UN intervenes to mediate the conflict and prevent further escalation. All attempts to restore normalcy failed and Omega raided the disputed area to take control over it. Alpha, pleaded the violation of UN Declaration on Non-aggression among neighbouring countries. Analyse the reasons for failure of international law to avert this attack on Alpha by Omega.

How is the Chief Justice of India appointed ? Explain the ‘seniority principle’ applied in the appointment of the Chief Justice of India.

Countries Betaland and Gammaland have a long standing practice of allowing fishing activities in a disputed maritime area. Examine how this practice may form a customary norm and its implication in resolving the dispute between the two countries.

What is ‘defamation’ ? Distinguish between the two forms of defamation under Indian law.

Examine the role of permanent Lok Adalats in providing speedy and cost-effective resolution of disputes in India

The 14th Law Commission of India mooted the idea of providing legal aid to the poor by the State and paved the way for a legislation to this regard in 1987. Sequentially explain the developments that led to the environment of Legal Services Authority Act, 1987. What changes were introduced in the Act of 1987 by its amendment in 2002 ?

Mr. Sarkar is an Ayurvedic medical practitioner who spends most of his time in research and experimentation on different herbs and spices. His mission is to develop new and effective medicines in Ayurveda. In his latest project, Mr. Sarkar was working to find a cure for cancer. After extensive study, he got some wild plants from the nearby forest area to test its viability. On lab testing, he found that the extract from the herbs was highly poisonous and could cause serious impact on the nervous system of the person if contacted without adequate precautions. Mr. Sarkar was very cautious and took utmost care to keep the extract safe and out of reach of his students. One day, when he was busy with his experiments, three of his students accidentally came into contact with the herb and two suffered from brain stroke and one got facial palsy. The family of the three students sued Mr. Sarkar for damages. Citing the decided case law, decide if Mr. Sarkar is liable for the condition of the three students and the damage caused.

What is ‘no fault liability’ in tort law ?