TN State Board 12th Botany Question Paper 2022

Transposons, often called 'jumping genes', are DNA sequences that can change their position within the genome. Introns are non-coding regions of DNA; Recons are the smallest units of recombination; Cistrons are functional units of DNA encoding a polypeptide.

Explant is any part of a plant that is taken from the parent plant and placed into a culture medium to initiate tissue culture. Callus is the mass of undifferentiated cells formed after inoculation; Plantlets are young plants developed in culture; Embryoids are embryo-like structures.

AUG is the universal initiation codon that codes for methionine. UUU codes for phenylalanine, while UAG and UGA are stop codons.

According to standard mushroom cultivation practices: (1) Straw size is 2-4 inches (iii), (2) Distance between blocks is 10-12 cm (iv), (3) Cap size at harvesting is 20 cm (i), and (4) Relative humidity required is 75-85% (ii). Therefore, (1)-(iii), (2)-(iv), (3)-(i), (4)-(ii) is the correct match.

Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme traditionally isolated from calf intestine, commonly used in molecular biology to remove phosphate groups from the 5' end of DNA molecules.