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Tamil Nadu State Board · CLASS 12th · Botany

TN State Board 12th Botany Question Paper 2026

34 questions from this CLASS 12th Botany paper. The first 5 questions are solved free; log in as a CLASS 12th student to view all solutions.

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Q5 mcq 1 mark
The enzyme which eliminates the torsional stress caused by the unwinding of double helix during the DNA replication is :
  • A. Topoisomerase
  • B. DNA Polymerase
  • C. RNA Primase
  • D. Ligase
Correct Answer: A — Solution

Topoisomerase is the enzyme that removes the torsional stress and supercoiling generated ahead of the replication fork during DNA unwinding. DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand, RNA primase synthesizes the RNA primer, and ligase joins Okazaki fragments.

Q7 mcq 1 mark
Genetic engineering is :
  • A. Production of alcohol by using micro-organisms.
  • B. Making artificial genes.
  • C. Making artificial limbs, diagnostic instruments such as ECG, EEG etc.,
  • D. Hybridization of DNA of one organism to that of the others.
Correct Answer: D — Solution

Genetic engineering refers to the deliberate manipulation and transfer of DNA from one organism to another, or the construction of recombinant DNA. Hence, hybridization of DNA of one organism with that of another is the correct choice. The other options describe fermentation, gene synthesis in a limited sense, and bioengineering devices, not genetic engineering.

Q8 mcq 1 mark
Pedogenesis refers to :
  • A. Population
  • B. Fossils
  • C. Soil
  • D. Water
Correct Answer: C — Solution

Pedogenesis means soil formation. So the correct answer is Soil.

Q9 mcq 1 mark
Match List - I with List - II : List - I List - II (1)Sterilization of culture room (i)Macerozyme (2)Fusion of protoplast (ii)Ethanol (3)Solidifying agent (iii)Agar (4)Isolation of protoplast (iv)Polyethylene Glycol
  • A. (1) - (ii), (2) - (iv), (3) - (iii), (4) - (i)
  • B. (1) - (i), (2) - (iv), (3) - (iii), (4) - (ii)
  • C. (1) - (iv), (2) - (iii), (3) - (ii), (4) - (i)
  • D. (1) - (i), (2) - (ii), (3) - (iii), (4) - (iv)
Correct Answer: A — Solution

The correct matching is: (1) Sterilization of culture room → Ethanol, (2) Fusion of protoplast → Polyethylene Glycol, (3) Solidifying agent → Agar, (4) Isolation of protoplast → Macerozyme. Therefore, option A is correct.

Q9 mcq
Match List - I with List - II:
  • A. (1) - (ii), (2) - (iv), (3) - (iii), (4) - (i)
  • B. (1) - (i), (2) - (iv), (3) - (iii), (4) - (ii)
  • C. (1) - (iv), (2) - (iii), (3) - (ii), (4) - (i)
  • D. (1) - (i), (2) - (ii), (3) - (iii), (4) - (iv)
Correct Answer: A — Solution

The correct match is option A: (1) - (ii), (2) - (iv), (3) - (iii), (4) - (i).

Q10 mcq 1 mark
Pond is a type of :
  • A. Marine ecosystem
  • B. Forest ecosystem
  • C. Freshwater ecosystem
  • D. Grassland ecosystem

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Q11 mcq 1 mark
In which technique is Ethidium Bromide used ?
  • A. Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • B. Southern Blotting Technique
  • C. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
  • D. Western Blotting Technique

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Q12 mcq
Which one is in descending order of a food chain ?
  • A. Tertiary consumers → Secondary consumers → Primary consumers → Producers
  • B. Producers → Secondary consumers → Primary consumers → Tertiary consumers
  • C. Tertiary consumers → Producers → Primary consumers → Secondary consumers
  • D. Tertiary consumers → Primary consumers → Secondary consumers → Producers

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Q13 mcq
Plant indicator for $SO_2$ pollution is :
  • A. Gladiolus, Eucalyptus
  • B. Petunia, Chrysanthemum
  • C. Robinia pseudoacacia, Casuarina
  • D. Lichens, Rose

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Q14 mcq
Plants having similar genotypes produced by plant breeding are called :
  • A. Autopolyploid
  • B. Clone
  • C. Genome
  • D. Haploid

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Q15 mcq
Which one of the following matches is correct ?
  • A. Steveocide - Natural Sweetener
  • B. Palmyra - Native of Brazil
  • C. Palmyra sap - Fermented to give ethanol
  • D. Saccharum - Abundant in Kanyakumari

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Q16 short answer
Name any two nutrient media that you have studied.

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Q17 short answer
Write the names of the scientists who rediscovered Mendelism.

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Q18 long answer
Draw and label a cut opened Dicot seed.

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Q19 short answer
What are agrochemicals ?

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Q20 short answer
Name the humors that are responsible for the health of human beings.

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Q21 short answer
A person gets irritation while applying chemical dye. What would be your suggestion for alternative ?

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Q22 short answer
What is vivipary ?

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Q23 short answer
What is the difference between missense and nonsense mutation ?

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Q24 short answer
In a grassland ecosystem an organism of $T_3$ third trophic level derives 400 joules of energy. How much energy would be there in first trophic ($T_1$) level ? Calculate.

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Q25 long answer
What is gene mapping ? Write its uses.

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Q26 long answer
Differentiate incomplete dominance with co-dominance.

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Q27 long answer
List out the benefits of seed treatment.

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Q28 long answer
What is bioremediation ? Give an example of bioremediation.

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Q29 long answer
Give four examples of plants cultivated in commercial agroforestry.

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Q30 long answer
List out the advantages of Artificial seeds.

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Q31 long answer
Name any three plants found in Sub-Alpine forests.

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Q32 short answer
Give short note on pollen kitt.

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Q33 long answer
Draw and label the structure of epiphytic plant Vanda.

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Q34 long answer
(a)Bring out the inheritance of chloroplast gene with an example. OR (b)List out the applications of single cell protein.

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Q35 long answer
(a)Explain afforestation with case studies. OR (b)Explain the basic concepts involved in plant tissue culture.

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Q36 long answer
(a)With a suitable diagram explain the structure of an ovule. OR (b)Which is called as the “King of Spices”? Write its origin and uses.

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Q37 long answer
(a)List out the traditional methods of seed protection. OR (b)What is negative interaction? Tabulate its types and effects with example.

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Q38 long answer
(a)Mention the name of man-made cereal. How is it formed? OR (b)Shape of pyramid in a particular ecosystem is always different in shape. Explain with example.

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