CBSE(NCERT) GRADE 12 BIOTECHNOLOGY 2026 SET1

The formation of inclusion bodies in microbial cell culture is associated with:

The incubators used to culture mammalian cells are maintained at:

Which of the following statements is correct for use in diagnostics and therapeutics ?

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms can occur :

SCID (Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency) is caused due to deficiency of which enzyme ?

Assertion (A) : The human embryonic stem cells can be derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst and cultured in a suitable nutrient medium. Reason (R) : It is possible to selectively remove a gene and make precise genetic modification in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Assertion (A) : Mutation selection technique identifies micro organisms that have been improved by induced mutations. Reason (R) : Mutations cannot be induced by irradiations in micro-organisms.

Assertion (A) : M13 bacteriophage uses rolling circle mechanism for DNA replication. Reason (R) : During rolling circle mechanism, double stranded replicative form of DNA is formed which replicates until there are about its hundred copies in the host bacterial cell.

What is meant by ‘Gene knock out’ ? How is it useful in developing mouse models for studying human diseases ?

How is chymotrypsinogen converted to chymotrypsin in the duodenum ? What is the name of this process ?

Even if we know where the genes are present in a genome, it is not entirely clear how to count them. Give two reasons for this problem.

Briefly explain the process of sickling of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) during sickle cell anaemia. Why does sickle celled RBCs lead to anaemic conditions in patients ?

Name the genes which fuse during translocation in Philadelphia chromosome.

How does the metagenomics approach helps to identify novel genes present in an environment ? Explain the process.

During FISH technique, is any fluorescence detected in the der 9 chromosome? Why?

What is the use of introducing the property of delayed fruit ripening in some plants ? Explain the methods used for delaying fruit ripening.

Briefly describe Nick Translation technique.

Mention the catalytic traid (along with diagram) which contributes to the enzymatic activity of native subtilisin. Why was this enzyme improved by protein engineering ? Write the method used in this process.

Since many centuries, whey has been used for the treatment of numerous ailments. Briefly elaborate upon the scientific relevance of it.

How is CML detected by FISH techniques?

Selection methods are based on the expression or non-expression of certain traits in recombinant microbial cells. Enlist such any th

Enlist any two limitations of batch culture.

(a) Explain briefly the procedures of the following techniques used in recombinant DNA Technology : (i) Transfection (ii) Electroporation (iii) Biolistics OR (b) Describe the Blue-White selection method of screening for the presence of recombinant plasmids.

What does the term ‘fed’ in fed-batch culture refer to?

How can you differentiate between cancerous and non-cancerous cells in culture by microscopic examination ? Give one example of each of such cell types.

Write the significance of using a turbidostat and a chemostat in continuous culture system.

In human beings, Chronic Mylogenous Leukemia (CML) is caused due to the reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22. This translocation is detected by Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) technique in such patients, and severity of the disease is observed. (i) Name the genes which fuse during translocation in Philadelphia chromosome. 1 (ii) During FISH technique, is any fluorescence detected in the der 9 chromosome ? Why ? 1 (iii) (a) Briefly describe Nick Translation technique. 2 OR (b) How is CML detected by FISH techniques ? 2

Draw labelled graphical representations of Batch and continuous culture systems.

Microbial culture works are classified based on how nutrients are supplied and culture is maintained during the fermentation process as : (A) Batch Culture : This is a closed system with fixed amount of nutrient medium. (B) Fed-Batch culture : In this system, fresh nutrients are added during growth, but culture is not removed. (C) Continuous culture : This is a culture system where fresh medium containing a limited nutrient is added when required and an equal volume of the culture is removed. (i) Enlist any two limitations of batch culture. 1 (ii) What does the term ‘fed’ in fed-batch culture refer to ? 1 (iii) (a) Write the si

Explain the steps involved in the development of Golden Rice through genetic engineering and mention its advantages in providing nutrition. How was Golden Rice further engineered?

What is the full form of RFLP ? State its basic principle and mention any two important applications.