The social benefits derived from Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) include tremendous incr
The social benefits derived from the Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) include improvement in education, health and overall living standards of the tribal people. It has helped in providing better roads, drinking water, schools, healthcare facilities and employment opportunities. As a result, the tribals have become more aware, more settled and less isolated from the mainstream society.
The social benefits derived from Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) include tremendous increase in literacy rate, improvement in sex ratio and decline in child marriage. The female literacy rate in the region increased from 1·88 per cent in 1971 to 65 per cent in 2011. The difference between males and females in literacy level i.e., gender inequality, has also declined. Traditionally, the Gaddis had subsistence agricultural-cum-pastoral economy having emphasis on foodgrains and livestock production. But during the last three decades of twentieth century, the cultivation of pulses and other cash crops has increased in Bharmaur region. But the crop cultivation is still done with traditional technology. The declining importance of pastoralism in the economy of the region can be gauged from the fact that at present only about one-tenth of the total households practise transhumance. But the Gaddis are still very mobile as a sizeable section of them migrate to Kangra and surrounding areas during winter to earn their living from wage labour.
Two development initiatives taken under the Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) are: 1. Development of roads and transport facilities. 2. Provision of schools and healthcare centres.
The life of the Gaddis has changed from a nomadic pastoral life to a more settled way of living. Many of them have started taking up other occupations such as cultivation, wage labour and trade. Their mobility has reduced due to changed economic conditions and government development programmes.
The importance of pastoralism is declining in the Bharmaur region because modern development has reduced dependence on animals for livelihood. Better transport, education, healthcare and other opportunities have encouraged people to settle down and adopt agriculture, wage work and other occupations instead of nomadic herding.
Ratnagiri iron-ore mines are located in Maharashtra.
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