CBSE 12th Geography Question Paper 2023 (Set 2)

Urbanisation is a social factor affecting population distribution because people tend to concentrate in towns and cities where there are more jobs, services, and better facilities. Minerals are a physical factor, industrialisation is an economic factor, and unrest usually acts as a negative political/social condition rather than a standard social factor in this context.

Singapore comes under the very high category in the Human Development Index (HDI). It has a very high standard of living, high life expectancy, and excellent access to education and healthcare. Mexico and China are generally in the high or medium category, while Colombia is lower than Singapore.

The correct matching of railway zones with their headquarters is: i. North Central – 1, ii. East Central – 2, iii. West Central – 3, iv. South Central – 4. Therefore, the correct option is (B). This matches the standard headquarters: North Central Railway—Prayagraj, East Central Railway—Hajipur, West Central Railway—Jabalpur, and South Central Railway—Secunderabad.

India is the correct answer because it is among the major producers of cotton in the world and is a leading cotton-producing country. Malaysia and Mexico are not known as the largest cotton producers, and Brazil is also a major producer but not the correct choice here in the NCERT context.

India is the largest producer of cotton among the given options. It has a large cotton-growing area and favorable conditions in several states such as Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Telangana. Malaysia, Mexico, and Brazil are not the largest producer among these choices.