CBSE 12th Political Science Question Paper 2022 (Set 3)

Deendayal Upadhyaya was a prominent political thinker and leader of the Jana Sangh. He is known for propounding the philosophy of Integral Humanism. His ideas emphasized Indian culture, self-reliance, social harmony and a model of development rooted in Indian conditions.

The National Emergency declared in 1975 had a serious impact on the people of India. Civil liberties were restricted, and many fundamental rights were suspended. Opposition leaders were arrested, press freedom was curbed through censorship, and democratic functioning was badly affected. Public life became highly controlled, and ordinary people experienced fear and loss of freedom. The Emergency is therefore remembered as a period of authoritarian rule and violation of democratic rights.

After the disintegration of the USSR, Russia still remained the strongest republic among the former Soviet states. It inherited most of the Soviet Union’s territory, population, natural resources, armed forces and nuclear arsenal. Russia also retained a permanent seat in the UN Security Council, which preserved its international influence. However, its economic condition became weak in the 1990s due to recession, political instability and the shift to a market economy. Thus, Russia remained a major power in military and strategic terms, but its overall strength declined compared to the Soviet period.

The Central Government has launched several schemes for the welfare of small farmers since 2014. Four important programmes are: 1. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): It provides crop insurance to protect farmers against losses caused by natural calamities, pests and diseases. 2. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY): It aims at improving irrigation facilities and ensuring the motto of “Har Khet Ko Pani” through better water management. 3. Soil Health Card Scheme: Under this scheme, farmers are given soil health cards to know the nutrient status of their soil and use fertilizers in a balanced way. 4. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): It provides direct income support to small and marginal farmers through annual financial assistance. These schemes help small farmers by reducing risk, improving productivity and increasing income.

This question depends on the map given in the exam paper. Since the map and the marked locations are not provided here, the states cannot be identified with certainty. If you share the map or the alphabet markers, I can identify the four states correctly.