CBSE 12th Political Science Question Paper 2023 (Set 2)

The correct answer is (b) The development of new technology. Globalisation expanded mainly because of advances in technology such as faster transport, computers, telecommunication, and the internet, which made movement of goods, services, capital, and ideas easier across countries. The other options are not the main cause: the United Nations and the World Bank are international institutions, but they did not by themselves cause globalisation, and the rise of India and China is a later effect or feature of global economic changes, not its main cause.

The correct option is (b) (i), (ii), (iv). Statement (i) is correct because environmental issues such as global warming, ozone depletion, and pollution are now major concerns in global politics. Statement (ii) is correct because the Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Statement (iv) is correct because the Earth Summit was organised by the United Nations. Statement (iii) is incorrect because environmental programmes are associated mainly with UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), not the UN Human Rights Commission.

The correct answer is (d) Rising prices. Global warming, international terrorism, and epidemics are all recognized threats to global security because they can endanger people across countries and create widespread instability. Rising prices are an economic problem, but they are not usually classified as a direct threat to global security in the same way.

The correct answer is (b) United Nations Security Council. The Security Council is the UN body primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and security and for preventing conflicts from escalating. The UN Human Rights Commission deals with human rights, ASEAN is a regional organisation, and Amnesty International is a non-governmental organisation that works for human rights, not conflict prevention.

The correct answer is (a) Political movement. The Arab Spring refers to a wave of political uprisings and protests that began in several Arab countries in 2010–11 against authoritarian rule, corruption, and lack of political freedom. It was not mainly a cultural, social, or environmental movement.