CBSE 12th Sociology Question Paper 2023 (Set 1)

Dependency ratio. It measures the proportion of dependents (children and the elderly) in relation to the working-age population. Age structure refers to the composition of the population by age, sex ratio compares males and females, and growth rate refers to the increase in population over time.

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A). Caste groups are endogamous because caste membership involves strict rules about marriage, which means one is expected to marry within the caste. Thus, the endogamous nature of caste is directly linked to its marriage restrictions.

Educational is not one of the three forms of capital. The three forms of capital discussed in sociology are economic capital, cultural capital, and social capital. Educational resources may contribute to cultural capital, but education itself is not named as a separate form of capital in this classification.

Segmental division. Castes are divided into smaller units such as sub-castes and sometimes further into sub-sub-castes. This feature of caste structure is known as segmental division because the caste system is made up of multiple segmented groups within the larger caste order.

Permission for mixed marriages is not a feature of Apartheid. Apartheid enforced racial segregation and discriminatory rules such as denial of land ownership, denial of South African citizenship to Black people, and denial of formal political voice. Mixed marriages were not permitted; in fact, racial mixing was restricted.