- A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Option (a) is correct. Formal demography deals mainly with the numerical measurement and analysis of population processes such as birth rate, death rate, migration and population growth. It is based on quantitative study, so it uses a highly developed mathematical methodology. Thus, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion. The other options are incorrect because they do not reflect this direct relationship between the quantitative nature of formal demography and its focus on components of population change.
- A. (I) and (II)
- B. (I), (II), (III) and (IV)
- C. (II) and (III)
- D. (I), (III) and (IV)
Option (d) is correct because social exclusion is a systematic and patterned process. It means that individuals or groups may be cut off from full participation in society, and they are denied opportunities that are available to the majority of people. Statement (II) is incorrect because social discrimination is not voluntary; it is imposed by social structures and power relations. Therefore, (I), (III) and (IV) appropriately explain the statement.
- A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Both the Assertion and the Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. The Assertion is true because it is often wrongly assumed that women’s rights were promoted only by male reformers and that ideas of women’s equality came from outside India. However, the Reason only gives examples of Indian women writers such as Tarabai Shinde and Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, showing that women themselves contributed to social reform. It does not directly explain the stated assumption; rather, it disproves it. Hence, option (b) is correct.
The correct option is (a) because these claimants often did not live in the village. The upper-caste landlords or earlier claimants were usually absentee landlords who mainly collected rent and did not take part in actual agricultural work. This is why land reforms aimed to remove their rights and transfer land to the real cultivators.
“The land reforms took away rights from the erstwhile claimants. These claimants were members of upper castes who played no part in agricultural economy other than claiming their rent.”
- A. They frequently did not live in the village.
- B. They were ‘absentee landlords’.
- C. These intermediate castes were not dependent on the labour of the lower caste.
- D. They did not play a decisive role in regional politics and the agrarian economy.
Option (a) is correct. These claimants did not play any role in the agricultural economy because they frequently did not live in the village. They were absentee landlords who collected rent from tenants and shared in the surplus, but were not involved in cultivation or day-to-day agricultural management. Hence, option (a) best explains their position.
- A. Vokkaligas of Karnataka
- B. The Reddys of Andhra Pradesh
- C. Gonds of Maharashtra
- D. The Yadavs of Uttar Pradesh
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Log in to view solution →- A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
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Log in to view solution →“The policy of liberalization entails participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO), thus bringing about competition from the global market. This indicates further, the process of globalisation of agriculture, or the incorporation of agriculture into the larger global market – a process that has had direct effects on farmers and rural society. For instance, in some regions such as Punjab and Karnataka, farmers enter into contracts with multinational companies (such as PepsiCo) to grow certain crops (such as tomatoes and potatoes).”
- A. Contract farming disengages people from the production process.
- B. Indigenous knowledge of agriculture becomes irrelevant.
- C. It is often environmentally safe.
- D. Contract farming is very common for grapes, pomegranates, figs, fruits, cotton.
Solution hidden
Log in to view solution →- A. (I) and (IV)
- B. (III) and (IV)
- C. (I), (II) and (III)
- D. Only (IV)
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Log in to view solution →- A. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia deposed the Tsar to create a communist state.
- B. The Naxalite Movement sought to remove oppressive landlords and state authorities.
- C. People in the Ezhava community in Kerala were led by Narayan Guru to change their social practices.
- D. Campaign for reorganisation of Indian states on linguistic basis.
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Log in to view solution →- A. Social Movement activists hold meetings to mobilize people around the issues that concern them.
- B. Social Movements do not prepare people for consensus in pu
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Log in to view solution →- A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Solution hidden
Log in to view solution →- A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
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Log in to view solution →- A. The same type of social groups and communities live in India.
- B. There are communities defined by cultural markers such as language, religion, sect, race or caste.
- C. The term ‘diversity’ emphasises differences rather than equalities.
- D. There is no conflict or competition of any kind among diverse communities.
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Log in to view solution →- A. (II), (III), (I), (IV)
- B. (I), (II), (III), (IV)
- C. (II), (IV), (I), (III)
- D. (IV), (III), (II), (I)
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Log in to view solution →- A. (II), (III), (I), (IV)
- B. (I), (II), (III), (IV)
- C. (II), (IV), (I), (III)
- D. (IV), (III), (II), (I)
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