Chapter Exam

Chapter-1 Judiciary — Online MCQ Test

Q: Which court is at the apex of the Indian judicial system?

Answer: B. Supreme Court — The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the judicial hierarchy and is the court of last resort for all legal matters in India.

Q: What is the primary function of the judiciary in a democratic system?

Answer: C. To interpret and enforce laws — The judiciary's primary function is to interpret the Constitution and laws, and to settle disputes by administering justice according to law.

Q: District Courts are also known as _______.

Answer: B. Subordinate Courts — District Courts are lower courts in the hierarchy and are referred to as Subordinate Courts, as they operate under the supervision of High Courts.

Q: Which of the following is NOT part of the Indian court hierarchy?

Answer: C. Lok Sabha — Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament, not part of the judiciary. The court hierarchy consists of Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts.

Q: Under which Article of the Indian Constitution is judicial review provided?

Answer: D. Both B and C are correct — Article 32 grants the Supreme Court power of judicial review, while Article 226 grants High Courts similar powers. Both articles are fundamental to judicial review in India.

Q: The Supreme Court can exercise which of the following jurisdictions?

Answer: A. Original, Appellate, and Advisory jurisdiction — The Supreme Court of India exercises three types of jurisdictions: Original (direct cases), Appellate (appeals from lower courts), and Advisory (matters referred by the President as per Article 143).

LEGAL STUDIES · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter-1 Judiciary with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES. This chapter covers: judiciary - court hierarchy - judicial independence - judges - tribunals - judicial review. AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

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Chapter-1 Judiciary — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES — Chapter-1 Judiciary, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

Which court is at the apex of the Indian judicial system?

A. High Court
B. Supreme Court ✓
C. District Court
D. National Green Tribunal

Answer: B. Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the judicial hierarchy and is the court of last resort for all legal matters in India.

What is the primary function of the judiciary in a democratic system?

A. To make laws
B. To implement laws
C. To interpret and enforce laws ✓
D. To execute government policies

Answer: C. To interpret and enforce laws
The judiciary's primary function is to interpret the Constitution and laws, and to settle disputes by administering justice according to law.

District Courts are also known as _______.

A. High Courts
B. Subordinate Courts ✓
C. Supreme Courts
D. Appellate Courts

Answer: B. Subordinate Courts
District Courts are lower courts in the hierarchy and are referred to as Subordinate Courts, as they operate under the supervision of High Courts.

Which of the following is NOT part of the Indian court hierarchy?

A. Supreme Court
B. High Court
C. Lok Sabha ✓
D. District Court

Answer: C. Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament, not part of the judiciary. The court hierarchy consists of Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts.

Under which Article of the Indian Constitution is judicial review provided?

A. Article 14
B. Article 32
C. Article 226
D. Both B and C are correct ✓

Answer: D. Both B and C are correct
Article 32 grants the Supreme Court power of judicial review, while Article 226 grants High Courts similar powers. Both articles are fundamental to judicial review in India.

The Supreme Court can exercise which of the following jurisdictions?

A. Original, Appellate, and Advisory jurisdiction ✓
B. Only Appellate jurisdiction
C. Only Original jurisdiction
D. Only Advisory jurisdiction

Answer: A. Original, Appellate, and Advisory jurisdiction
The Supreme Court of India exercises three types of jurisdictions: Original (direct cases), Appellate (appeals from lower courts), and Advisory (matters referred by the President as per Article 143).

Which of the following is a constitutional safeguard for judicial independence in India?

A. Judges can be appointed by the Prime Minister without any process
B. Judges have fixed tenure and can only be removed through impeachment ✓
C. Judges' salaries are determined by the executive branch
D. Judges can be transferred at the whim of the Chief Justice

Answer: B. Judges have fixed tenure and can only be removed through impeachment
Constitutional safeguards include security of tenure (judges cannot be removed except through impeachment for misbehaviour), fixed salaries charged to the Consolidated Fund, and protection from liability.

How does the concept of 'separation of powers' support judicial independence?

A. It gives all powers to the judiciary
B. It distributes powers among executive, legislative, and judicial branches, preventing any one from dominating ✓
C. It eliminates the need for the executive branch
D. It allows the judiciary to make laws

Answer: B. It distributes powers among executive, legislative, and judicial branches, preventing any one from dominating
Separation of powers divides government into three independent branches, ensuring that the judiciary remains autonomous and can function without undue influence from the executive or legislature.

Consider: A judge publishes a newspaper article criticizing the government's economic policies. What constitutional principle is at stake?

A. This is always permissible as judges have free speech rights
B. This violates judicial independence as it may compromise the judge's impartiality in government-related cases ✓
C. The judge should definitely do this to maintain transparency
D. This is only problematic if the criticism is negative

Answer: B. This violates judicial independence as it may compromise the judge's impartiality in government-related cases
While judges have rights as citizens, they must maintain impartiality and the appearance of impartiality. Publicly criticizing the government on policy matters can compromise their credibility and independence, affecting their ability to adjudicate fairly.

Scenario: A tribunal's decision is challenged, and the court finds that while the decision is substantively sound, the tribunal did not follow the required procedure. What should happen?

A. The decision should be upheld because the result is correct
B. The decision should be quashed and remanded back to the tribunal because procedural justice is integral to rule of law ✓
C. The court should modify the decision to correct the procedure
D. The tribunal should be dissolved

Answer: B. The decision should be quashed and remanded back to the tribunal because procedural justice is integral to rule of law
In administrative law, procedural justice is as important as substantive justice. If the correct procedure is not followed, even a correct decision can be quashed, ensuring rule of law and fairness principles are maintained.

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Chapter-2 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)