Chapter Exam

Chapter-2 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) — Online MCQ Test

Q: What does ADR stand for?

Answer: A. Alternative Dispute Resolution — ADR is the standard abbreviation for Alternative Dispute Resolution, a mechanism to resolve disputes outside courts.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a method of ADR?

Answer: C. Litigation — Litigation is the traditional court process, not an alternative dispute resolution method. ADR methods specifically avoid court proceedings.

Q: Which tribunal is specifically established to hear service-related disputes of government employees?

Answer: B. Administrative Tribunal — Administrative Tribunals are established to hear disputes related to public servants, civil service matters, and administrative decisions.

LEGAL STUDIES · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter-2 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES. This chapter covers: ADR - arbitration - mediation - conciliation - Lok Adalat - tribunals - Lokpal - Lokayukta. AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

Questions

20m

Time Limit

Attempts Left

10 random questions from this chapter (mixed difficulty)
Questions you've seen before won't repeat until the pool resets
You have 20 minutes — exam auto-submits when time is up
Maximum 3 attempts per chapter
Results and explanations shown immediately after submission

New here? Register free — includes 3 free chapter exams.

Chapter-2 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES — Chapter-2 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

What does ADR stand for?

A. Alternative Dispute Resolution ✓
B. Arbitration and Dispute Remedies
C. Alternate Decision Review
D. Administrative Dispute Regulation

Answer: A. Alternative Dispute Resolution
ADR is the standard abbreviation for Alternative Dispute Resolution, a mechanism to resolve disputes outside courts.

Which of the following is NOT a method of ADR?

A. Mediation
B. Arbitration
C. Litigation ✓
D. Conciliation

Answer: C. Litigation
Litigation is the traditional court process, not an alternative dispute resolution method. ADR methods specifically avoid court proceedings.

In mediation, the role of the mediator is to ___________.

A. Make binding decisions for both parties
B. Facilitate negotiation between parties without imposing a solution ✓
C. Represent one party's interests
D. Enforce the agreement forcefully

Answer: B. Facilitate negotiation between parties without imposing a solution
A mediator acts as a neutral facilitator who helps parties communicate and negotiate without imposing any binding decision.

What is the primary characteristic of arbitration?

A. It is always voluntary
B. The arbitrator's decision (award) is binding on both parties ✓
C. It must be conducted in open court
D. It requires government approval

Answer: B. The arbitrator's decision (award) is binding on both parties
In arbitration, the arbitrator's decision (called an award) is binding and final on both parties, making it a decisive form of ADR.

Conciliation differs from mediation in that conciliation:

A. Is more formal and binding
B. Involves a third party who can propose solutions to the parties ✓
C. Can only be used in criminal cases
D. Does not require mutual agreement

Answer: B. Involves a third party who can propose solutions to the parties
In conciliation, the conciliator can actively propose solutions and suggestions, whereas a mediator only facilitates without proposing solutions.

Which tribunal is specifically established to hear service-related disputes of government employees?

A. Consumer Disputes Tribunal
B. Administrative Tribunal ✓
C. Labour Tribunal
D. Income Tax Tribunal

Answer: B. Administrative Tribunal
Administrative Tribunals are established to hear disputes related to public servants, civil service matters, and administrative decisions.

Analyze the following: A consumer filed a complaint in a consumer tribunal. She won the case, but the opposite party refused to comply with the order. What remedy is available?

A. She must file a new case in the tribunal
B. She can approach the Lokpal for enforcement
C. She can file for execution of the order in the tribunal or approach the district court for enforcement ✓
D. She has no remedy if the party refuses voluntarily

Answer: C. She can file for execution of the order in the tribunal or approach the district court for enforcement
Tribunal orders can be enforced through the tribunal itself or by filing execution petitions in the district court, similar to court judgments.

Compare mediation and arbitration. Which statement is CORRECT?

A. Both are binding and final
B. Both require the decision-maker to actively propose solutions
C. Mediation is non-binding while arbitration is binding; mediation focuses on mutual agreement while arbitration produces an award ✓
D. Both are conducted only in the presence of judges

Answer: C. Mediation is non-binding while arbitration is binding; mediation focuses on mutual agreement while arbitration produces an award
Mediation aims for mutual agreement with a neutral facilitator, while arbitration produces a binding award from an arbitrator who acts as a decision-maker.

TRICKY: Which statement about the relationship between ADR and courts is MOST accurate?

A. ADR completely replaces the court system
B. ADR and courts are independent systems with no connection
C. ADR mechanisms function as an alternative channel; courts supervise some ADR processes and enforce ADR outcomes while respecting party autonomy ✓
D. Courts have no authority over ADR awards

Answer: C. ADR mechanisms function as an alternative channel; courts supervise some ADR processes and enforce ADR outcomes while respecting party autonomy
ADR and courts work in a complementary manner. Courts enforce ADR awards, can set aside arbitration awards on limited grounds, and oversee some ADR mechanisms like tribunal appeals.

COMPETITIVE LEVEL: A party challenges an arbitration award claiming the arbitrator was biased. Under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, on which SPECIFIC ground can this challenge succeed?

A. Any dissatisfaction with the arbitrator's reasoning
B. The award being against public policy or substantive irregularity in procedure as per Section 34 ✓
C. If the award is unfavorable to the challenger
D. Mere suspicion of bias without material evidence

Answer: B. The award being against public policy or substantive irregularity in procedure as per Section 34
Section 34 of the Arbitration Act provides limited grounds for challenging awards: public policy violation, procedural defects, and patently illegality; general dissatisfaction is insufficient.

← Previous Chapter

Chapter-1 Judiciary

Next Chapter →

Chapter-3 Law of Contract