Chapter Exam

Chapter-10 Human Rights in India — Online MCQ Test

Q: What is the primary focus of human rights?

Answer: A. Protection of individual dignity and freedom — Human rights fundamentally aim to protect individual dignity, freedom, and equality for all persons. This is the core principle underlying all human rights frameworks.

Q: Which part of the Indian Constitution contains Fundamental Rights?

Answer: B. Part III — Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12-35) deals with Fundamental Rights, which are enforceable rights granted to all citizens and in some cases to all persons.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Right under the Indian Constitution?

Answer: C. Right to Property — Right to Property was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978. It is now a Constitutional Right under Article 300-A.

Q: In which year was the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) established in India?

Answer: B. 1993 — The NHRC was established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, to protect and promote human rights in India.

Q: What does Article 23 of the Indian Constitution prohibit?

Answer: A. Forced labor and human trafficking — Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labor, making these practices illegal and unenforceable under Indian law.

Q: A student is denied admission to a college based on her religion. Which Fundamental Right is violated?

Answer: B. Right to Equality (Article 14-18) — Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, caste, sex, or place of birth. Denial of admission based on religion violates the Right to Equality.

LEGAL STUDIES · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter-10 Human Rights in India with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES. This chapter covers: human rights - Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles - NHRC - constitutional rights. AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

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Chapter-10 Human Rights in India — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES — Chapter-10 Human Rights in India, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

What is the primary focus of human rights?

A. Protection of individual dignity and freedom ✓
B. Promotion of state sovereignty
C. Economic development only
D. Military strength

Answer: A. Protection of individual dignity and freedom
Human rights fundamentally aim to protect individual dignity, freedom, and equality for all persons. This is the core principle underlying all human rights frameworks.

Which part of the Indian Constitution contains Fundamental Rights?

A. Part II
B. Part III ✓
C. Part IV
D. Part V

Answer: B. Part III
Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12-35) deals with Fundamental Rights, which are enforceable rights granted to all citizens and in some cases to all persons.

Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Right under the Indian Constitution?

A. Right to Equality
B. Right to Freedom of Speech
C. Right to Property ✓
D. Right to Constitutional Remedies

Answer: C. Right to Property
Right to Property was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978. It is now a Constitutional Right under Article 300-A.

In which year was the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) established in India?

A. 1991
B. 1993 ✓
C. 1995
D. 1997

Answer: B. 1993
The NHRC was established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, to protect and promote human rights in India.

What does Article 23 of the Indian Constitution prohibit?

A. Forced labor and human trafficking ✓
B. Freedom of speech
C. Right to education
D. Right to vote

Answer: A. Forced labor and human trafficking
Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labor, making these practices illegal and unenforceable under Indian law.

A student is denied admission to a college based on her religion. Which Fundamental Right is violated?

A. Right to Freedom (Article 19)
B. Right to Equality (Article 14-18) ✓
C. Right to Life (Article 21)
D. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

Answer: B. Right to Equality (Article 14-18)
Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, caste, sex, or place of birth. Denial of admission based on religion violates the Right to Equality.

Analyze: A factory owner prohibits workers from joining a trade union. Which articles are violated and what remedies are available?

A. Article 19(c) is violated; worker can approach the NHRC only
B. Article 19(c) and 23 are violated; worker can approach court under Article 32 for writ of mandamus ✓
C. No violation; right to property prevails
D. Article 14 is violated; only administrative remedy available

Answer: B. Article 19(c) and 23 are violated; worker can approach court under Article 32 for writ of mandamus
Article 19(c) guarantees freedom to form associations and unions, while Article 23 prevents forced labor. Both are violated. The worker can seek constitutional remedies through court writs.

Distinguish: Why is Article 21 considered the most important Fundamental Right?

A. Because it provides right to vote
B. Because it is the basis for all other rights as life and liberty are prerequisites for enjoying any right ✓
C. Because it can be suspended during national emergency
D. Because it applies only to citizens

Answer: B. Because it is the basis for all other rights as life and liberty are prerequisites for enjoying any right
Article 21 protects the right to life and personal liberty, which are fundamental prerequisites for exercising all other rights. Without life and liberty, no other right is meaningful.

Pro Question: A state introduces a law that restricts all public gatherings. Analyze whether this is a valid restriction on Article 19(1)(b)?

A. Valid, because public order is a ground under Article 19(2)
B. Invalid, absolute prohibition on assembly cannot be reasonable; context and proportionality matter ✓
C. Valid, the state has absolute power to restrict fundamental rights
D. Invalid because assemblies are always protected

Answer: B. Invalid, absolute prohibition on assembly cannot be reasonable; context and proportionality matter
While Article 19(2) allows restrictions for public order, the Supreme Court has held that absolute prohibitions are unreasonable and disproportionate. Each case requires examination of necessity and reasonableness.

Pro Question: Can NHRC's recommendations be binding on government agencies if they refuse to comply?

A. Yes, always binding with legal force
B. No, recommendations are advisory; government can ignore them with impunity
C. Recommendations are persuasive; non-compliance can lead to contempt proceedings or public pressure ✓
D. Only binding on private organizations, not government

Answer: C. Recommendations are persuasive; non-compliance can lead to contempt proceedings or public pressure
While NHRC recommendations are technically advisory, the 2006 Amendment makes non-compliance reportable to Parliament, and persistent violation can lead to contempt of court. Thus, they have quasi-binding effect.

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