Chapter Exam

Chapter-11 Human Rights Violations — Online MCQ Test

Q: Which of the following is NOT a fundamental human right as per the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?

Answer: C. Right to guaranteed profit in business — The UDHR guarantees fundamental rights like life, liberty, education, and freedom of expression, but does not guarantee profit in business as it is an economic outcome, not a right.

Q: Which constitutional article in India guarantees the right to life and personal liberty?

Answer: C. Article 21 — Article 21 of the Indian Constitution specifically protects the right to life and personal liberty, making it one of the most important protections against human rights violations.

Q: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India was established in which year?

Answer: B. 1993 — The NHRC was established on 12th October 1993 to protect and promote human rights in India and to provide remedies to victims of violations.

Q: Under which provision of the Indian Constitution can a citizen file a petition for violation of fundamental rights?

Answer: C. Both Article 32 and Article 226 — Citizens can file petitions under both Article 32 (Supreme Court) and Article 226 (High Courts) to seek writs for violation of fundamental rights.

LEGAL STUDIES · Grade 12 · CBSE(NCERT)

Practice Chapter-11 Human Rights Violations with a free chapter-wise online MCQ test for CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES. This chapter covers: human rights violations - complaint mechanisms - legal remedies - human rights protection. AI-generated questions from basic to board-exam level, with instant results and explanations.

Questions

20m

Time Limit

Attempts Left

10 random questions from this chapter (mixed difficulty)
Questions you've seen before won't repeat until the pool resets
You have 20 minutes — exam auto-submits when time is up
Maximum 3 attempts per chapter
Results and explanations shown immediately after submission

New here? Register free — includes 3 free chapter exams.

Chapter-11 Human Rights Violations — Important Questions & Answers (FAQ)

Frequently asked questions from CBSE(NCERT) Grade 12 LEGAL STUDIES — Chapter-11 Human Rights Violations, with answers and explanations. These are sample questions; the exam has its own separate question set.

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental human right as per the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?

A. Right to life and liberty
B. Right to education
C. Right to guaranteed profit in business ✓
D. Right to freedom of opinion and expression

Answer: C. Right to guaranteed profit in business
The UDHR guarantees fundamental rights like life, liberty, education, and freedom of expression, but does not guarantee profit in business as it is an economic outcome, not a right.

What is the primary purpose of complaint mechanisms in cases of human rights violations?

A. To punish violators without legal process
B. To provide a structured process for victims to seek redressal and justice ✓
C. To prevent all crimes from occurring
D. To eliminate the need for courts

Answer: B. To provide a structured process for victims to seek redressal and justice
Complaint mechanisms are designed to provide victims of human rights violations with a structured, transparent process to report violations and seek legal remedies and justice.

Which constitutional article in India guarantees the right to life and personal liberty?

A. Article 19
B. Article 20
C. Article 21 ✓
D. Article 22

Answer: C. Article 21
Article 21 of the Indian Constitution specifically protects the right to life and personal liberty, making it one of the most important protections against human rights violations.

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India was established in which year?

A. 1990
B. 1993 ✓
C. 1995
D. 2000

Answer: B. 1993
The NHRC was established on 12th October 1993 to protect and promote human rights in India and to provide remedies to victims of violations.

Under which provision of the Indian Constitution can a citizen file a petition for violation of fundamental rights?

A. Article 32 (Writ of Habeas Corpus)
B. Article 226 (Writ jurisdiction of High Courts)
C. Both Article 32 and Article 226 ✓
D. Article 44

Answer: C. Both Article 32 and Article 226
Citizens can file petitions under both Article 32 (Supreme Court) and Article 226 (High Courts) to seek writs for violation of fundamental rights.

Scenario: A factory releases toxic waste into a river, poisoning the water supply of a village. Which human rights are being violated in this situation?

A. Only right to property
B. Right to life, right to health, and right to livelihood ✓
C. Only right to education
D. Only right to freedom of speech

Answer: B. Right to life, right to health, and right to livelihood
Environmental pollution violates the right to life (by endangering lives), right to health, and right to livelihood of affected persons as recognized by courts interpreting Article 21.

What is the primary difference between the NHRC and a regular court in handling human rights complaints?

A. NHRC can sentence violators to prison terms
B. NHRC uses an inquisitorial approach, is faster, and recommendations are not binding, whereas courts use adversarial proceedings and judgments are binding ✓
C. Courts cannot hear human rights cases
D. NHRC has jurisdiction over all crimes in India

Answer: B. NHRC uses an inquisitorial approach, is faster, and recommendations are not binding, whereas courts use adversarial proceedings and judgments are binding
The NHRC investigates and makes recommendations which are not binding, using an inquisitorial approach, while courts give binding judgments through adversarial proceedings.

Analyze this situation: A government official refuses to grant a business license to a person from a minority community despite meeting all eligibility criteria. Which rights and legal remedies apply?

A. Right to equality under Article 14; remedies include writ of certiorari and petition to NHRC ✓
B. Right to property only; civil suit for damages
C. Right to freedom of speech; criminal prosecution
D. No rights violated; administrative discretion

Answer: A. Right to equality under Article 14; remedies include writ of certiorari and petition to NHRC
Discriminatory denial of services violates Article 14 (right to equality). Remedies include writ petitions (Articles 32/226) to quash the arbitrary decision and NHRC complaints for discrimination.

TRICKY: A person files a complaint with the NHRC against violation of their right to vote in elections. The NHRC declines to proceed. What could be the reason?

A. NHRC can investigate any complaint regarding fundamental rights
B. The NHRC's jurisdiction excludes violations related to elections and electoral processes as per the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 ✓
C. The victim did not have legal standing
D. Election matters are handled only by the Election Commission

Answer: B. The NHRC's jurisdiction excludes violations related to elections and electoral processes as per the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
Under Section 2(d) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, the NHRC excludes violations relating to elections and electoral matters from its jurisdiction, which are handled separately.

TRICKY: In a PIL seeking to stop environmental pollution, the Supreme Court gives directions to the government. What is the legal status of this direction?

A. The directions are advisory and government can ignore them
B. The directions are binding and non-compliance can result in contempt of court proceedings ✓
C. The directions apply only to central government
D. The court can give directions only in criminal cases

Answer: B. The directions are binding and non-compliance can result in contempt of court proceedings
Judicial directions in PIL cases are binding court orders. Non-compliance amounts to contempt of court and can result in punitive action against the responsible officers, ensuring enforcement of human rights.

← Previous Chapter

Chapter-10 Human Rights in India

Next Chapter →

Chapter-12 International Law